en Experimental Neurobiology

Cited by CrossRef (196)

  1. Yaming Sun, Juan Lu, Danni Zheng, Jufen Qian, Hongxin Zhang, Dong Xing, Fengdan Rong, Yongjun Cao, Chun-Feng Liu, Shoujiang You. Predictive value of monocyte to HDL cholesterol ratio for stroke-associated pneumonia in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Acta Neurol Belg 2021;121:1575
    https://doi.org/10.1007/s13760-020-01418-y
  2. Simona Federica Spampinato, Maria Angela Sortino, Salvatore Salomone. New Targets for the Treatment of Hypertension and Associated Diseases. 2021.
    https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.apha.2022.02.001
  3. O. A. Osipova, E. V. Gosteva, O. N. Belousova, T. P. Golivets, J. Yu. Chefranova, Yu. A. Lykov, A. N. Khachaturov, N. I. Golovina. Effect of angiotensin II receptor blocker therapy on markers of fibrosis and immune inflammation in hypertensive patients with chronic kidney disease after ischemic stroke. Cardiovasc Ther Prev 2021;20:3078
    https://doi.org/10.15829/1728-8800-2021-3078
  4. Jiaqi Hu, Ding Nan, Yuxuan Lu, Zhenyu Niu, Yingying Ren, Xiaozhong Qu, Yining Huang, Haiqiang Jin. Microcirculation No-Reflow Phenomenon after Acute Ischemic Stroke. Eur Neurol 2023;86:85
    https://doi.org/10.1159/000528250
  5. Yuanfei Bao, Lingling Wang, Chaopin Du, Yan Ji, Yiwei Dai, Wei Jiang. Association between Systemic Immune Inflammation Index and Cognitive Impairment after Acute Ischemic Stroke. Brain Sciences 2023;13:464
    https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci13030464
  6. Jia Nong, Patrick M. Glassman, Vladimir V. Shuvaev, Sahily Reyes-Esteves, Helene C. Descamps, Raisa Y. Kiseleva, Tyler E. Papp, Mohamad-Gabriel Alameh, Ying K. Tam, Barbara L. Mui, Serena Omo-Lamai, Marco E. Zamora, Tea Shuvaeva, Evguenia Arguiri, Xijing Gong, Taylor V. Brysgel, Ai Wen Tan, Ashley G. Woolfork, Aalim Weljie, Christoph A. Thaiss, Jacob W. Myerson, Drew Weissman, Scott E. Kasner, Hamideh Parhiz, Vladimir R. Muzykantov, Jacob S. Brenner, Oscar A. Marcos-Contreras. Targeting lipid nanoparticles to the blood-brain barrier to ameliorate acute ischemic stroke. Molecular Therapy 2024
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ymthe.2024.03.004
  7. Muhammad Bilal Tariq, Juneyoung Lee, Louise D. McCullough. Sex differences in the inflammatory response to stroke. Semin Immunopathol 2023;45:295
    https://doi.org/10.1007/s00281-022-00969-x
  8. Jyoti Gautam, Yao Yao. Roles of Pericytes in Stroke Pathogenesis. Cell Transplant 2018;27:1798
    https://doi.org/10.1177/0963689718768455
  9. Yiyun Weng, Tian Zeng, Honghao Huang, Junli Ren, Jianing Wang, Chenguang Yang, Wenjing Pan, Jingyu Hu, Fangyue Sun, Xinbo Zhou, Haojie Qiu, Yufan Gao, Beibei Gao, Lifen Chi, Guangyong Chen. Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index Predicts 3-Month Functional Outcome in Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients Treated with Intravenous Thrombolysis. CIA 2021;Volume 16:877
    https://doi.org/10.2147/CIA.S311047
  10. Andrew Hong, Marie-Isabel Aguilar, Mark P. Del Borgo, Christopher G. Sobey, Brad R. S. Broughton, John S. Forsythe. Self-assembling injectable peptide hydrogels for emerging treatment of ischemic stroke. J. Mater. Chem. B 2019;7:3927
    https://doi.org/10.1039/C9TB00257J
  11. Akansha Sinha, Peter Stanwell, Roy G. Beran, Zeljka Calic, Murray C. Killingsworth, Sonu M. M. Bhaskar. Stroke Aetiology and Collateral Status in Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients Receiving Reperfusion Therapy—A Meta-Analysis. Neurology International 2021;13:608
    https://doi.org/10.3390/neurolint13040060
  12. Jong Youl Kim, Jiwon Kim, Meiying Huang, Renée Kosonen, Jong Eun Lee. CCR4 and CCR5 Involvement in Monocyte-Derived Macrophage Migration in Neuroinflammation. Front. Immunol. 2022;13
    https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.876033
  13. Bart A.A. Franx, Annette Van der Toorn, Caroline Van Heijningen, Denis Vivien, Thomas Bonnard, Rick M. Dijkhuizen. Molecular Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Vascular Inflammation After Recanalization in a Rat Ischemic Stroke Model. Stroke 2021;52
    https://doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.121.034910
  14. Chen Chen, Shi-feng Chu, Qi-di Ai, Zhao Zhang, Nai-hong Chen. CKLF1/CCR5 axis is involved in neutrophils migration of rats with transient cerebral ischemia. International Immunopharmacology 2020;85:106577
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106577
  15. AnNa Ying, YaNi Cheng, YanYan Lin, JunRu Yu, XiaoYun Wu, YuanShao Lin. Dynamic increase in neutrophil levels predicts parenchymal hemorrhage and function outcome of ischemic stroke with r-tPA thrombolysis. Neurol Sci 2020;41:2215
    https://doi.org/10.1007/s10072-020-04324-6
  16. Tjokorda Istri Pramitasuri, Anak Agung Ayu Putri Laksmidewi, Ida Bagus Kusuma Putra, Felix Adrian Dalimartha. Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in Coronavirus Disease-19-Associated Ischemic Stroke: A Novel Avenue in Neuroscience. Exp Neurobiol 2021;30:1
    https://doi.org/10.5607/en20048
  17. Xin Xie, Xiaoguang Luo, Na Liu, Xiaohong Li, Fan Lou, Yumin Zheng, Yan Ren. Monocytes, microglia, and CD200‐CD200R1 signaling are essential in the transmission of inflammation from the periphery to the central nervous system. Journal of Neurochemistry 2017;141:222
    https://doi.org/10.1111/jnc.13972
  18. Ganggui Zhu, Xiaoyu Wang, Luxi Chen, Cameron Lenahan, Zaixiang Fu, Yuanjian Fang, Wenhua Yu. Crosstalk Between the Oxidative Stress and Glia Cells After Stroke: From Mechanism to Therapies. Front. Immunol. 2022;13
    https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.852416
  19. Giorgia Serena Gullotta, Giuseppe Costantino, Maria Angela Sortino, Simona Federica Spampinato. Microglia and the Blood–Brain Barrier: An External Player in Acute and Chronic Neuroinflammatory Conditions. IJMS 2023;24:9144
    https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24119144
  20. Jianming Xiang, Lisa J. Routhe, D. Andrew Wilkinson, Ya Hua, Torben Moos, Guohua Xi, Richard F. Keep. The choroid plexus as a site of damage in hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke and its role in responding to injury. Fluids Barriers CNS 2017;14
    https://doi.org/10.1186/s12987-017-0056-3
  21. Jing Zhang, Qingqing Ren, Yanlin Song, Min He, Yunhui Zeng, Zhiyong Liu, Jianguo Xu. Prognostic role of neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio in patients with acute ischemic stroke. 2017;96:e8624
    https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000008624
  22. Jialei Yang, Wanting He, Lian Gu, Jianxiong Long, Lulu Zhu, Ruirui Zhang, Zhi Zhao, Bingyi Xu, Aruo Nan, Li Su. CircUSP36 attenuates ischemic stroke injury through the miR-139-3p/SMAD3/Bcl2 signal axis. 2022;136:953
    https://doi.org/10.1042/CS20220157
  23. Jia sheng Liao, Changwei Guo, Bo Zhang, Jie Yang, Wenjie Zi, Jing lun Li. Low neutrophil-to-lymphocyte and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratios predict favorable outcomes after endovascular treatment in acute basilar artery occlusion: subgroup analysis of the BASILAR registry. BMC Neurol 2023;23
    https://doi.org/10.1186/s12883-023-03161-2
  24. Yuan Li, Ying-Jie Li, Zhao-Qiong Zhu. To re-examine the intersection of microglial activation and neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative diseases from the perspective of pyroptosis. Front. Aging Neurosci. 2023;15
    https://doi.org/10.3389/fnagi.2023.1284214
  25. Hong Pan, Mei Fu, Wanqian Ge, Chengye Zhou. The effects of changes in platelet-to-neutrophil ratios 24 hours after intravenous thrombolysis on prognosis in acute ischemic stroke patients. Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery 2020;190:105739
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clineuro.2020.105739
  26. Weiyuan Zhang, Wenyue Wang, David X Yu, Zhicheng Xiao, Zhiyong He. Application of nanodiagnostics and nanotherapy to CNS diseases. Nanomedicine 2018;13:2341
    https://doi.org/10.2217/nnm-2018-0163
  27. Rebecca Isabella Sienel, Hiroharu Kataoka, Seong-Woong Kim, Fatma Burcu Seker, Nikolaus Plesnila. Adhesion of Leukocytes to Cerebral Venules Precedes Neuronal Cell Death and Is Sufficient to Trigger Tissue Damage After Cerebral Ischemia. Front. Neurol. 2022;12
    https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2021.807658
  28. Shanshan Wang, Brian P. Head. Caveolin-1 in Stroke Neuropathology and Neuroprotection: A Novel Molecular Therapeutic Target for Ischemic-Related Injury. CVP 2018;17:41
    https://doi.org/10.2174/1570161116666180206112215
  29. Lina Feng, Jing Gao, Yuexiang Wang, Yuen-Ki Cheong, Guogang Ren, Zhuo Yang. Etidronate–zinc Complex Ameliorated Cognitive and Synaptic Plasticity Impairments in 2-Vessel Occlusion Model Rats by Reducing Neuroinflammation. Neuroscience 2018;390:206
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.08.022
  30. Patrizia Hrelia, Giulia Sita, Marina Ziche, Emma Ristori, Angela Marino, Marika Cordaro, Raffaella Molteni, Vittoria Spero, Marco Malaguti, Fabiana Morroni, Silvana Hrelia. Common Protective Strategies in Neurodegenerative Disease: Focusing on Risk Factors to Target the Cellular Redox System. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2020;2020:1
    https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8363245
  31. Harshani Wijerathne, Malgorzata A. Witek, Alison E. Baird, Steven A. Soper. Liquid biopsy markers for stroke diagnosis. Expert Review of Molecular Diagnostics 2020;20:771
    https://doi.org/10.1080/14737159.2020.1777859
  32. Jason S. Palazzolo, Anukreity Ale, Heidi Ho, Shweta Jagdale, Brad R. S. Broughton, Robert L. Medcalf, David K. Wright, Karen Alt, Christoph E. Hagemeyer, Be’eri Niego. Platelet-targeted thrombolysis for treatment of acute ischemic stroke. 2023;7:561
    https://doi.org/10.1182/bloodadvances.2021006691
  33. Ivana Rajkovic, Raymond Wong, Eloise Lemarchand, Rory Tinker, Stuart M. Allan, Emmanuel Pinteaux. Pentraxin 3 regulates neutrophil infiltration to the brain during neuroinflammation. AMRC Open Res 2019;1:10
    https://doi.org/10.12688/amrcopenres.12875.1
  34. Anamaria Jurcau, Aurel Simion. Neuroinflammation in Cerebral Ischemia and Ischemia/Reperfusion Injuries: From Pathophysiology to Therapeutic Strategies. IJMS 2021;23:14
    https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23010014
  35. Hui Lv, Jie Li, Yu‐Qin Che. CXCL8 gene silencing promotes neuroglial cells activation while inhibiting neuroinflammation through the PI3K/Akt/NF‐κB‐signaling pathway in mice with ischemic stroke. Journal Cellular Physiology 2019;234:7341
    https://doi.org/10.1002/jcp.27493
  36. Paulina Carmona-Mora, Bradley P Ander, Glen C Jickling, Cheryl Dykstra-Aiello, Xinhua Zhan, Eva Ferino, Farah Hamade, Hajar Amini, Heather Hull, Frank R Sharp, Boryana Stamova. Distinct peripheral blood monocyte and neutrophil transcriptional programs following intracerebral hemorrhage and different etiologies of ischemic stroke. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2021;41:1398
    https://doi.org/10.1177/0271678X20953912
  37. Divyansh Sharma, Kevin J. Spring, Sonu Menachem Maimonides Bhaskar. Neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio in acute ischemic stroke: Immunopathology, management, and prognosis. Acta Neurol Scand 2021;144:486
    https://doi.org/10.1111/ane.13493
  38. Arooj Mohsin Alvi, Lina Tariq Al Kury, Muhammad Umar Ijaz, Fawad Ali Shah, Muhammad Tariq Khan, Ahmed Sadiq Sheikh, Humaira Nadeem, Arif-ullah Khan, Alam Zeb, Shupeng Li. Post-Treatment of Synthetic Polyphenolic 1,3,4 Oxadiazole Compound A3, Attenuated Ischemic Stroke-Induced Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration. Biomolecules 2020;10:816
    https://doi.org/10.3390/biom10060816
  39. Bich Na Shin, Dae Won Kim, In Hye Kim, Joon Ha Park, Ji Hyeon Ahn, Il Jun Kang, Yun Lyul Lee, Choong-Hyun Lee, In Koo Hwang, Young-Myeong Kim, Sungwoo Ryoo, Tae-Kyeong Lee, Moo-Ho Won, Jae-Chul Lee. Down-regulation of cyclin-dependent kinase 5 attenuates p53-dependent apoptosis of hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons following transient cerebral ischemia. Sci Rep 2019;9
    https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-49623-x
  40. 旭 王. A Single-Center Retrospective Study of Factors Associated with the Prognosis of Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke after In-terventional Therapy. ACM 2023;13:9044
    https://doi.org/10.12677/ACM.2023.1361266
  41. Li Zhu, Leo Huang, Anh Le, Tom J. Wang, Jiewen Zhang, Xuemei Chen, Junmin Wang, Jian Wang, Chao Jiang. Comprehensive Physiology. 2023.
    https://doi.org/10.1002/cphy.c210047
  42. Ning Yang, Liqun Hu, Yulong Han. The association between monocyte to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio and clinical prognosis of acute ischemic stroke after intravenous thrombolysis therapy. 2023;102:e35338
    https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000035338
  43. Shuang Qiu, Jie Liao, Xin Luo, Xiu Chen. Prognostic Value of the Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio in Older Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke. J Nippon Med Sch 2023;90:58
    https://doi.org/10.1272/jnms.JNMS.2023_90-110
  44. Hesham Kelani, Gerard Nuovo, Anna Bratasz, Jayanth Rajan, Alexander A. Efanov, Jean-Jacques Michaille, Hamdy Awad, Esmerina Tili. MicroRNA miR-155 Activity in Mouse Choline Acetyltransferase-Positive Neurons Is Critical for the Rate of Early and Late Paraplegia After Transient Aortic Cross-Clamping. Front. Mol. Neurosci. 2022;15
    https://doi.org/10.3389/fnmol.2022.788301
  45. Patrizia Giannoni, Jerome Badaut, Cyril Dargazanli, Alexis Fayd’Herbe De Maudave, Wendy Klement, Vincent Costalat, Nicola Marchi. The pericyte–glia interface at the blood–brain barrier. 2018;132:361
    https://doi.org/10.1042/CS20171634
  46. Dapeng Sun, Xu Tong, Xiaochuan Huo, Baixue Jia, Raynald, Anxin Wang, Gaoting Ma, Ning Ma, Feng Gao, Dapeng Mo, Ligang Song, Xuan Sun, Lian Liu, Yiming Deng, Xiaoqing Li, Bo Wang, Gang Luo, Yongjun Wang, Zhongrong Miao. Unexplained early neurological deterioration after endovascular treatment for acute large vessel occlusion: incidence, predictors, and clinical impact: Data from ANGEL-ACT registry. J NeuroIntervent Surg 2022;14:875
    https://doi.org/10.1136/neurintsurg-2021-017956
  47. Yachen Ji, Xiangjun Xu, Kangfei Wu, Yi Sun, Hao Wang, Yapeng Guo, Ke Yang, Junfeng Xu, Qian Yang, Xianjun Huang, Zhiming Zhou. Prognosis of Ischemic Stroke Patients Undergoing Endovascular Thrombectomy is Influenced by Systemic Inflammatory Index Through Malignant Brain Edema. CIA 2022;Volume 17:1001
    https://doi.org/10.2147/CIA.S365553
  48. Ning Zhao, Jia Li, Qiu-Xia Zhang, Li Yang, Lin-Jie Zhang. Elevated neutrophil-related immune-inflammatory biomarkers in acute anterior choroidal artery territory infarction with early progression. Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery 2023;229:107720
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clineuro.2023.107720
  49. Ji Hyeon Ahn, Minah Song, Hyunjung Kim, Tae-Kyeong Lee, Cheol Woo Park, Young Eun Park, Jae-Chul Lee, Jun Hwi Cho, Young-Myeong Kim, In Koo Hwang, Moo-Ho Won, Joon Ha Park. Differential regional infarction, neuronal loss and gliosis in the gerbil cerebral hemisphere following 30 min of unilateral common carotid artery occlusion. Metab Brain Dis 2019;34:223
    https://doi.org/10.1007/s11011-018-0345-9
  50. Ran Chen, Xu Zhang, Lijuan Gu, Hua Zhu, Yi Zhong, Yingze Ye, Xiaoxing Xiong, Zhihong Jian. New Insight Into Neutrophils: A Potential Therapeutic Target for Cerebral Ischemia. Front. Immunol. 2021;12
    https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.692061
  51. Xuan Zheng, Matteo Haupt, Mathias Bähr, Lars Tatenhorst, Thorsten R. Doeppner. Cerebral Ischemia. 2021.
    https://doi.org/10.36255/exonpublications.cerebralischemia.2021.therapy
  52. E. B. Engler-Chiurazzi, K. L. Monaghan, E. C. K. Wan, X. Ren. Role of B cells and the aging brain in stroke recovery and treatment. GeroScience 2020;42:1199
    https://doi.org/10.1007/s11357-020-00242-9
  53. Song Li, Linghong Hu, Jian Wang, Feihui Zou, Bin Han, Yougang Wang, Kefeng Liu. Prolonged increased neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio is associated with mortality after successful revascularization for treatment of acute ischemic stroke. BMC Neurol 2022;22
    https://doi.org/10.1186/s12883-022-02847-3
  54. Dong Young Kim, Jeong Ae Park, Yeomyung Kim, Minyoung Noh, Songyi Park, Eunkyung Lie, Eunjoon Kim, Young‐Myeong Kim, Young‐Guen Kwon. SALM4 regulates angiogenic functions in endothelial cells through VEGFR2 phosphorylation at Tyr1175. FASEB j. 2019;33:9842
    https://doi.org/10.1096/fj.201802516RR
  55. V. Durán-Laforet, C. Peña-Martínez, A. García-Culebras, L. Alzamora, M.A. Moro, I. Lizasoain. Pathophysiological and pharmacological relevance of TLR4 in peripheral immune cells after stroke. Pharmacology & Therapeutics 2021;228:107933
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107933
  56. Yinghui Li, Laurel E. Schappell, Claire Polizu, James DiPersio, Stella E. Tsirka, Marc W. Halterman, Neil A. Nadkarni. Evolving Clinical–Translational Investigations of Cerebroprotection in Ischemic Stroke. JCM 2023;12:6715
    https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12216715
  57. Wolfgang Walz, Francisco S. Cayabyab. Neutrophil Infiltration and Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 in Lacunar Infarction. Neurochem Res 2017;42:2560
    https://doi.org/10.1007/s11064-017-2265-1
  58. Pavel Klein, Raymond Dingledine, Eleonora Aronica, Christophe Bernard, Ingmar Blümcke, Detlev Boison, Martin J. Brodie, Amy R. Brooks‐Kayal, Jerome Engel, Patrick A. Forcelli, Lawrence J. Hirsch, Rafal M. Kaminski, Henrik Klitgaard, Katja Kobow, Daniel H. Lowenstein, Phillip L. Pearl, Asla Pitkänen, Noora Puhakka, Michael A. Rogawski, Dieter Schmidt, Matti Sillanpää, Robert S. Sloviter, Christian Steinhäuser, Annamaria Vezzani, Matthew C. Walker, Wolfgang Löscher. Commonalities in epileptogenic processes from different acute brain insults: Do they translate?. Epilepsia 2018;59:37
    https://doi.org/10.1111/epi.13965
  59. Kai Zhang, Mengjiao Tu, Wei Gao, Xiaojun Cai, Fahuan Song, Zheng Chen, Qian Zhang, Jing Wang, Chentao Jin, Jingjing Shi, Xiang Yang, Yuankai Zhu, Weizhong Gu, Bing Hu, Yuanyi Zheng, Hong Zhang, Mei Tian. Hollow Prussian Blue Nanozymes Drive Neuroprotection against Ischemic Stroke via Attenuating Oxidative Stress, Counteracting Inflammation, and Suppressing Cell Apoptosis. Nano Lett. 2019;19:2812
    https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b04729
  60. Wen-Cai Li, Yun-Xiang Zhou, Gang Zhu, Kai-Liang Zeng, Hai-Yong Zeng, Jian-Sheng Chen, Yi-Fan Deng, Zhong-Zong Qin, Hong-Hai Luo. Systemic immune inflammatory index is an independent predictor for the requirement of decompressive craniectomy in large artery occlusion acute ischemic stroke patients after mechanical thrombectomy. Front. Neurol. 2022;13
    https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2022.945437
  61. Behrouz Rahmani, Elham Ghashghayi, Morteza Zendehdel, Ali Baghbanzadeh, Mina Khodadadi. Molecular mechanisms highlighting the potential role of COVID-19 in the development of neurodegenerative diseases. PhysInt 2022;109:135
    https://doi.org/10.1556/2060.2022.00019
  62. Yiyun Weng, Jingyu Hu, Junli Ren, Honghao Huang, Chenguang Yang, Jiamin Shen, Wenjing Pan, Fangyue Sun, Haojie Qiu, Yufan Gao, Shengqi Li, Xuerong Huang, Guangyong Chen. Dynamic Neutrophil–Lymphocyte Ratios Predict Short-term Prognostic Outcome of Thrombolysis in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke. Neurotox Res 2021;39:1678
    https://doi.org/10.1007/s12640-021-00382-6
  63. Lv Zheng, Lv Wen, Wang Lei, Zhang Ning. Added value of systemic inflammation markers in predicting pulmonary infection in stroke patients. 2021;100:e28439
    https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000028439
  64. Junfei Gu, Shulan Su, Jianming Guo, Yue Zhu, Ming Zhao, Jin-ao Duan. Anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects of the combination of Ligusticum chuanxiong and Radix Paeoniae against focal cerebral ischaemia via TLR4/MyD88/MAPK/NF-κB signalling pathway in MCAO rats. 2018;70:268
    https://doi.org/10.1111/jphp.12841
  65. Zaal Kokaia, Vladimer Darsalia. Human Neural Stem Cells. 2018.
    https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-93485-3_11
  66. Lu Han, Ze Wang, Jian Yuan, Jun He, Yun Deng, De-Sheng Zhu, Yang-Tai Guan. Circulating Leukocyte as an Inflammatory Biomarker: Association with Fibrinogen and Neuronal Damage in Acute Ischemic Stroke. JIR 2023;Volume 16:1213
    https://doi.org/10.2147/JIR.S399021
  67. Ruixiao Hao, Xuemei Qi, Xiaoshuang Xia, Lin Wang, Xin Li. Malnutrition on admission increases the in‐hospital mortality and length of stay in elder adults with acute ischemic stroke. Clinical Laboratory Analysis 2022;36
    https://doi.org/10.1002/jcla.24132
  68. Aisha Oyiza Sadiq, Adedapo Wasiu Awotidebe, Wim Saeys, Steven Truijen, Thomson W.L. Wong, Shamay S.M. Ng, Auwal Abdullahi. Prevalence, associated factors and predictors of post stroke pneumonia in a Nigerian population: A retrospective study. Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases 2023;32:107404
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2023.107404
  69. Xiang Yin, Liangshu Feng, Di Ma, Ping Yin, Xinyu Wang, Shuai Hou, Yulei Hao, Jingdian Zhang, Meiying Xin, Jiachun Feng. Roles of astrocytic connexin-43, hemichannels, and gap junctions in oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion injury induced neuroinflammation and the possible regulatory mechanisms of salvianolic acid B and carbenoxolone. J Neuroinflammation 2018;15
    https://doi.org/10.1186/s12974-018-1127-3
  70. Tao Tao, Maozhu Liu, Mengyuan Chen, Ying Luo, Cheng Wang, Tongtong Xu, Yixu Jiang, Yiyan Guo, John H. Zhang. Natural medicine in neuroprotection for ischemic stroke: Challenges and prospective. Pharmacology & Therapeutics 2020;216:107695
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107695
  71. Aimilios Gkantzios, Dimitrios Tsiptsios, Vaia Karapepera, Stella Karatzetzou, Stratis Kiamelidis, Pinelopi Vlotinou, Erasmia Giannakou, Evangeli Karampina, Katerina Paschalidou, Nikolaos Kourkoutsakis, Nikolaos Papanas, Nikolaos Aggelousis, Konstantinos Vadikolias. Monocyte to HDL and Neutrophil to HDL Ratios as Potential Ischemic Stroke Prognostic Biomarkers. Neurology International 2023;15:301
    https://doi.org/10.3390/neurolint15010019
  72. K. Bettermann, K. Sinha, R. Kumari, C. Fox, I.A. Simpson. The peripheral immune response in hyperglycemic stroke. Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery 2020;195:106061
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clineuro.2020.106061
  73. Kang Yuan, Shuanggen Zhu, Huaiming Wang, Jingjing Chen, Xiaohao Zhang, Pengfei Xu, Yi Xie, Xinyi Zhu, Wusheng Zhu, Wen Sun, Gelin Xu, Xinfeng Liu. Association between malnutrition and long-term mortality in older adults with ischemic stroke. Clinical Nutrition 2021;40:2535
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2021.04.018
  74. Ze-An Weng, Xiao-Xiong Huang, Die Deng, Zhen-Guo Yang, Shu-Yuan Li, Jian-Kun Zang, Yu-Feng Li, Yan-Fang Liu, You-Sheng Wu, Tian-Yuan Zhang, Xuan-Lin Su, Dan Lu, An-Ding Xu. A New Nomogram for Predicting the Risk of Intracranial Hemorrhage in Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients After Intravenous Thrombolysis. Front. Neurol. 2022;13
    https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2022.774654
  75. Gaia Sirimarco, Davide Strambo, Stefania Nannoni, Julien Labreuche, Carlo Cereda, Vincent Dunet, Francesco Puccinelli, Guillaume Saliou, Reto Meuli, Ashraf Eskandari, Max Wintermark, Patrik Michel. Predicting Penumbra Salvage and Infarct Growth in Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Multifactor Survival Game. JCM 2023;12:4561
    https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12144561
  76. Kai Le, Sisi Mo, Xiang Lu, Abdoulaye Idriss Ali, Dafan Yu, Yijing Guo. Association of circulating blood HMGB1 levels with ischemic stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurological Research 2018;40:907
    https://doi.org/10.1080/01616412.2018.1497254
  77. Sara Bernardo-Castro, João André Sousa, Ana Brás, Carla Cecília, Bruno Rodrigues, Luciano Almendra, Cristina Machado, Gustavo Santo, Fernando Silva, Lino Ferreira, Isabel Santana, João Sargento-Freitas. Pathophysiology of Blood–Brain Barrier Permeability Throughout the Different Stages of Ischemic Stroke and Its Implication on Hemorrhagic Transformation and Recovery. Front. Neurol. 2020;11
    https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2020.594672
  78. Qiong Wu, Hui‐Sheng Chen. Neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio and its changes predict the 3‐month outcome and mortality in acute ischemic stroke patients after intravenous thrombolysis. Brain and Behavior 2023;13
    https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.3162
  79. Motoki Tanaka, Takunori Ogaeri, Mikhail Samsonov, Masahiro Sokabe. Nestorone exerts long-term neuroprotective effects against transient focal cerebral ischemia in adult male rats. Brain Research 2019;1719:288
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brainres.2018.09.022
  80. Lu-yao Ao, Yun-Yi Yan, Lin Zhou, Cheng-yuan Li, Wan-Ting Li, Wei-rong Fang, Yun-man Li. Immune Cells After Ischemic Stroke Onset: Roles, Migration, and Target Intervention. J Mol Neurosci 2018;66:342
    https://doi.org/10.1007/s12031-018-1173-4
  81. Ryszard Pluta, Sławomir Januszewski, Stanisław J. Czuczwar. Neuroinflammation in Post-Ischemic Neurodegeneration of the Brain: Friend, Foe, or Both?. IJMS 2021;22:4405
    https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22094405
  82. Kailin Yang, Tingting Bao, Jinsong Zeng, Shanshan Wang, Xiao Yuan, Wang Xiang, Hao Xu, Liuting Zeng, Jinwen Ge. Research progress on pyroptosis-mediated immune-inflammatory response in ischemic stroke and the role of natural plant components as regulator of pyroptosis: A review. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy 2023;157:113999
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113999
  83. Minwoo Lee, Jae-Sung Lim, Chul-Ho Kim, Sang-Hwa Lee, Yerim Kim, Ju Hun Lee, Min Uk Jang, Mi Sun Oh, Byung-Chul Lee, Kyung-Ho Yu. High Neutrophil–Lymphocyte Ratio Predicts Post-stroke Cognitive Impairment in Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients. Front. Neurol. 2021;12
    https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2021.693318
  84. Lanjing Wang, Lijun Liu, Yanhong Zhao, Di Gao, Yanhong Yang, Min Chu, Jijun Teng. Analysis of Factors Associated with Hemorrhagic Transformation in Acute Cerebellar Infarction. Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases 2022;31:106538
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2022.106538
  85. Juan Marta-Enguita, Manuel Navarro-Oviedo, Idoia Rubio-Baines, Nuria Aymerich, Maria Herrera, Beatriz Zandio, Sergio Mayor, Jose-Antonio Rodriguez, Jose-Antonio Páramo, Estefania Toledo, Maite Mendioroz, Roberto Muñoz, Josune Orbe. Association of calprotectin with other inflammatory parameters in the prediction of mortality for ischemic stroke. J Neuroinflammation 2021;18
    https://doi.org/10.1186/s12974-020-02047-1
  86. Wei Li, Jin Liu, Jie-Ru Chen, Yong-Ming Zhu, Xue Gao, Yong Ni, Bo Lin, Huanqiu Li, Shi-Gang Qiao, Chen Wang, Hui-Ling Zhang, Gui-Zhen Ao. Neuroprotective Effects of DTIO, A Novel Analog of Nec-1, in Acute and Chronic Stages After Ischemic Stroke. Neuroscience 2018;390:12
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.07.044
  87. M.A. Grigolashvili, R.M. Mustafina. The role of the inflammatory process in the development of post-stroke cognitive impairment. Z. nevrol. psikhiatr. im. S.S. Korsakova 2021;121:16
    https://doi.org/10.17116/jnevro202112103216
  88. Robert A. Kloner, Kevin S. King, Michael G. Harrington. No-reflow phenomenon in the heart and brain. American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 2018;315:H550
    https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00183.2018
  89. Yan Lan, Wenzhe Sun, Yuxi Chen, Jinfeng Miao, Guo Li, Xiuli Qiu, Xiaoyan Song, Xin Zhao, Zhou Zhu, Yebin Fan, Suiqiang Zhu. Nomogram Including Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio for the Prediction of Stroke-Associated Infections. Front. Neurol. 2020;11
    https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2020.574280
  90. Mohammad Sadegh Fakhari, Leila Poorsaadat, Amir Almasi-Hashiani, Mohsen Ebrahimi-Monfared. Inflammatory markers and functional outcome score in different subgroups of ischaemic stroke: a prospective cohort study. BMJ Neurol Open 2024;6:e000556
    https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjno-2023-000556
  91. Javiera Bravo-Alegria, Louise D. McCullough, Fudong Liu. Sex differences in stroke across the lifespan: The role of T lymphocytes. Neurochemistry International 2017;107:127
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuint.2017.01.009
  92. Yi Luo, Lie-xin Xia, Zhi-lian Li, Ding-fang Pi, Xian-pei Tan, Qiang Tu. Early neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio is a prognostic marker in acute minor stroke or transient ischemic attack. Acta Neurol Belg 2021;121:1415
    https://doi.org/10.1007/s13760-020-01289-3
  93. Vishal Chavda, Kajal Madhwani, Bipin Chaurasia. Stroke and immunotherapy: Potential mechanisms and its implications as immune‐therapeutics. Eur J of Neuroscience 2021;54:4338
    https://doi.org/10.1111/ejn.15224
  94. Bing Wu, Fang Liu, Guiyan Sun, Shuang Wang. Prognostic role of dynamic neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in acute ischemic stroke after reperfusion therapy: A meta-analysis. Front. Neurol. 2023;14
    https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2023.1118563
  95. Wen-Bo Zhang, Ya-Ying Zeng, Fang Wang, Lin Cheng, Wen-Jie Tang, Xiao-Qiang Wang. A high neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio predicts hemorrhagic transformation of large atherosclerotic infarction in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Aging 2020;12:2428
    https://doi.org/10.18632/aging.102752
  96. Zhangrong Li, Huiling Ye, Xueli Cai, Weiwen Sun, Bin He, Zhihua Yang, Pingyi Xu. Bone marrow-mesenchymal stem cells modulate microglial activation in the peri-infarct area in rats during the acute phase of stroke. Brain Research Bulletin 2019;153:324
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brainresbull.2019.10.001
  97. Pengxin Ge, Huijie Duan, Chunrong Tao, Sensen Niu, Yiran Hu, Rui Duan, Aizong Shen, Yancai Sun, Wen Sun. TMAO Promotes NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation of Microglia Aggravating Neurological Injury in Ischemic Stroke Through FTO/IGF2BP2. JIR 2023;Volume 16:3699
    https://doi.org/10.2147/JIR.S399480
  98. Heena Khan, Parneet Kaur, Thakur Gurejet Singh, Amarjot Kaur Grewal, Shreya Sood. Adenosine as a Key Mediator of Neuronal Survival in Cerebral Ischemic Injury. Neurochem Res 2022;47:3543
    https://doi.org/10.1007/s11064-022-03737-3
  99. Shin Woo Oh, Ho Jun Yi, Dong Hoon Lee, Jae Hoon Sung. Prognostic Significance of Various Inflammation-Based Scores in Patients with Mechanical Thrombectomy for Acute Ischemic Stroke. World Neurosurgery 2020;141:e710
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wneu.2020.05.272
  100. Chun Li, Jiyu Li, Ethyn G. Loreno, Sumitra Miriyala, Manikandan Panchatcharam, Xiaohong Lu, Hong Sun. Chronic Low-Dose Alcohol Consumption Attenuates Post-Ischemic Inflammation via PPARγ in Mice. IJMS 2021;22:5121
    https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22105121
  101. Shimaa K. Mohamed, Amany A.E. Ahmed, Engy M. Elmorsy, Shahira Nofal. ERK activation by zeranol has neuroprotective effect in cerebral ischemia reperfusion. Life Sciences 2019;227:137
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lfs.2019.04.035
  102. Rui Zhang, Cui Liu, Yang Li, Liang Chen, Jianfeng Xiang. Tenacissoside H promotes neurological recovery of cerebral ischaemia/reperfusion injury in mice by modulating inflammation and oxidative stress via TrkB pathway. Clin Exp Pharma Physio 2021;48:757
    https://doi.org/10.1111/1440-1681.13398
  103. Jingjing Shao, Xiaoxuan Ma, Linlin Qu, Pei Ma, Rong Huang, Daidi Fan. Ginsenoside Rh4 remodels the periphery microenvironment by targeting the brain-gut axis to alleviate depression-like behaviors. Food Chemistry 2023;404:134639
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134639
  104. Joohyun Park, Jong Youl Kim, Yu Rim Kim, Meiying Huang, Ji Young Chang, A Young Sim, Hosung Jung, Won Taek Lee, Young-Min Hyun, Jong Eun Lee. Reparative System Arising from CCR2(+) Monocyte Conversion Attenuates Neuroinflammation Following Ischemic Stroke. Transl. Stroke Res. 2021;12:879
    https://doi.org/10.1007/s12975-020-00878-x
  105. Bei Zhang, Hai-Xiong Zhang, Shao-Ting Shi, Yu-Lan Bai, Xiao Zhe, Shi-Jun Zhang, Ya-Jun Li. Interleukin-11 treatment protected against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy 2019;115:108816
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2019.108816
  106. Sarah Lecordier, Daniel Manrique-Castano, Yara El Moghrabi, Ayman ElAli. Neurovascular Alterations in Vascular Dementia: Emphasis on Risk Factors. Front. Aging Neurosci. 2021;13
    https://doi.org/10.3389/fnagi.2021.727590
  107. M. A. Grigolashvili, R. M. Mustafina. The Role of the Inflammatory Process in the Development of Poststroke Cognitive Impairments. Neurosci Behav Physi 2022;52:39
    https://doi.org/10.1007/s11055-022-01205-7
  108. Bolanle M. Famakin, Orest Tsymbalyuk, Natalia Tsymbalyuk, Svetlana Ivanova, Seung Kyoon Woo, Min Seong Kwon, Volodymyr Gerzanich, J. Marc Simard. HMGB1 is a Potential Mediator of Astrocytic TLR4 Signaling Activation following Acute and Chronic Focal Cerebral Ischemia. Neurology Research International 2020;2020:1
    https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/3929438
  109. Jessica M. Noll, Catherine J. Augello, Esra Kürüm, Liuliu Pan, Anna Pavenko, Andy Nam, Byron D. Ford. Spatial Analysis of Neural Cell Proteomic Profiles Following Ischemic Stroke in Mice Using High-Plex Digital Spatial Profiling. Mol Neurobiol 2022;59:7236
    https://doi.org/10.1007/s12035-022-03031-x
  110. Ahmed Maher, Mohamed F. Abdel Rahman, Mohamed Z. Gad. Personalised Medicine. 2022.
    https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-60733-7_5
  111. Xuemei Zong, Yan Dong, Yuyu Li, Luodan Yang, Yong Li, Baocheng Yang, Lorelei Tucker, Ningjun Zhao, Darrell W. Brann, Xianliang Yan, Shuqun Hu, Quanguang Zhang. Beneficial Effects of Theta-Burst Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on Stroke Injury via Improving Neuronal Microenvironment and Mitochondrial Integrity. Transl. Stroke Res. 2020;11:450
    https://doi.org/10.1007/s12975-019-00731-w
  112. Mingming Zhao, Shuai Hou, Liangshu Feng, Pingping Shen, Di Nan, Yunhai Zhang, Famin Wang, Di Ma, Jiachun Feng. Vinpocetine Protects Against Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury by Targeting Astrocytic Connexin43 via the PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway. Front. Neurosci. 2020;14
    https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2020.00223
  113. Mengke Tian, Youfeng Li, Xiao Wang, Xuan Tian, Lu-lu Pei, Xin Wang, Luyang Zhang, Wenxian Sun, Jun Wu, Shilei Sun, Mingming Ning, Ferdinando Buonanno, Yuming Xu, Bo Song. The Hemoglobin, Albumin, Lymphocyte, and Platelet (HALP) Score Is Associated With Poor Outcome of Acute Ischemic Stroke. Front. Neurol. 2021;11
    https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2020.610318
  114. JoonHa Park, InHye Kim, JiHyeon Ahn, YooHun Noh, Sung-Su Kim, Tae-Kyeong Lee, Jae-Chul Lee, Bich-Na Shin, TaeHeung Sim, HyunSam Lee, JeongHwi Cho, InKoo Hwang, IlJun Kang, JongDai Kim, Moo-Ho Won. Pretreated Oenanthe Javanica extract increases anti-inflammatory cytokines, attenuates gliosis, and protects hippocampal neurons following transient global cerebral ischemia in gerbils. Neural Regen Res 2019;14:1536
    https://doi.org/10.4103/1673-5374.255973
  115. Erika Meyer, Phillip Rieder, Davide Gobbo, Gabriella Candido, Anja Scheller, Rúbia Maria Weffort de Oliveira, Frank Kirchhoff. Cannabidiol Exerts a Neuroprotective and Glia-Balancing Effect in the Subacute Phase of Stroke. IJMS 2022;23:12886
    https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232112886
  116. Richard L. Jayaraj, Sheikh Azimullah, Rami Beiram, Fakhreya Y. Jalal, Gary A. Rosenberg. Neuroinflammation: friend and foe for ischemic stroke. J Neuroinflammation 2019;16
    https://doi.org/10.1186/s12974-019-1516-2
  117. Qing-lin Wu, Li-yuan Cui, Wen-yu Ma, Sha-sha Wang, Zhao Zhang, Zhong-ping Feng, Hong-shuo Sun, Shi-feng Chu, Wen-bin He, Nai-hong Chen. A novel small-molecular CCR5 antagonist promotes neural repair after stroke. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2023;44:1935
    https://doi.org/10.1038/s41401-023-01100-y
  118. Cheng‐Long Gao, Gui‐Ge Hou, Jin Liu, Tong Ru, Ya‐Zhou Xu, Shun‐Yi Zhao, Hui Ye, Lu‐Yong Zhang, Kai‐Xian Chen, Yue‐Wei Guo, Tao Pang, Xu‐Wen Li. Synthesis and Target Identification of Benzoxepane Derivatives as Potential Anti‐Neuroinflammatory Agents for Ischemic Stroke. Angew Chem Int Ed 2020;59:2429
    https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201912489
  119. Tian Tian, Lanjing Wang, Jiali Xu, Yujie Jia, Kun Xue, Shuangfeng Huang, Tong Shen, Yumin Luo, Sijie Li, Lianqiu Min. Prediction of early neurological deterioration in acute ischemic stroke patients treated with intravenous thrombolysis. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2023;43:2049
    https://doi.org/10.1177/0271678X231200117
  120. Cheng‐Long Gao, Gui‐Ge Hou, Jin Liu, Tong Ru, Ya‐Zhou Xu, Shun‐Yi Zhao, Hui Ye, Lu‐Yong Zhang, Kai‐Xian Chen, Yue‐Wei Guo, Tao Pang, Xu‐Wen Li. Synthesis and Target Identification of Benzoxepane Derivatives as Potential Anti‐Neuroinflammatory Agents for Ischemic Stroke. Angewandte Chemie 2020;132:2450
    https://doi.org/10.1002/ange.201912489
  121. Anna E. Karchevskaya, Olga V. Payushina, Elena V. Sharova, Lyubov B. Oknina, Oleg Yu. Titov. Neuroinflammation as secondary damage in head injury. Annals of Clinical and Experimental Neurology 2023;17:55
    https://doi.org/10.54101/ACEN.2023.1.7
  122. Si-Yan Chen, Yuan-Shao Lin, Yi-Fan Cheng, Hong Wang, Xiao-Ting Niu, Wan-Li Zhang. Mean Platelet Volume-To-Lymphocyte Ratio Predicts Poor Functional Outcomes Among Ischemic Stroke Patients Treated With Intravenous Thrombolysis. Front. Neurol. 2019;10
    https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2019.01274
  123. Zhijuan Cao, Sean S. Harvey, Tonya M. Bliss, Michelle Y. Cheng, Gary K. Steinberg. Inflammatory Responses in the Secondary Thalamic Injury After Cortical Ischemic Stroke. Front. Neurol. 2020;11
    https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2020.00236
  124. Wenjiao Jiang, Kun Hao. Protective Action of Betulinic Acid on Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury through Inflammation and Energy Metabolic Homeostasis. Applied Sciences 2020;10:2578
    https://doi.org/10.3390/app10072578
  125. Yalda Sadeghpour, Aliakbar Taheraghdam, Mohammad Khalili, Mazyar Hashemilar, Elyar Sadeghi Hokmabadi, Sheyda Shaafi, Mehdi Farhoudi, Seyed Kazem Shakouri, Nasim Rezaeimanesh, Daryoush Savadi Osgouei. Whey protein plus lipoic acid supplementation improves inflammatory and antioxidant markers of patients with acute ischemic stroke. NFS 2020;50:1053
    https://doi.org/10.1108/NFS-07-2019-0237
  126. Yong Ma, Dong-Yan Xu, Qian Liu, He-Cheng Chen, Er-Qing Chai. Nomogram prediction model for the risk of intracranial hemorrhagic transformation after intravenous thrombolysis in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Front. Neurol. 2024;15
    https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2024.1361035
  127. Alicia García-Culebras, Violeta Durán-Laforet, Carolina Peña-Martínez, Iván Ballesteros, Jesús M Pradillo, Jaime Díaz-Guzmán, Ignacio Lizasoain, María A Moro. Myeloid cells as therapeutic targets in neuroinflammation after stroke: Specific roles of neutrophils and neutrophil–platelet interactions. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2018;38:2150
    https://doi.org/10.1177/0271678X18795789
  128. J. Shi, H. Peng, S. You, Y. Liu, J. Xu, Y. Xu, H. Liu, R. Shi, Y. Cao, C.‐F. Liu. Increase in neutrophils after recombinant tissue plasminogen activator thrombolysis predicts poor functional outcome of ischaemic stroke: a longitudinal study. Euro J of Neurology 2018;25:687
    https://doi.org/10.1111/ene.13575
  129. Shuai Wang, Xin Qi. The Putative Role of Astaxanthin in Neuroinflammation Modulation: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential. Front. Pharmacol. 2022;13
    https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2022.916653
  130. Pranay Srivastava, Chunxia G. Cronin, Victoria L. Scranton, Kenneth A. Jacobson, Bruce T. Liang, Rajkumar Verma. Neuroprotective and neuro-rehabilitative effects of acute purinergic receptor P2X4 (P2X4R) blockade after ischemic stroke. Experimental Neurology 2020;329:113308
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.expneurol.2020.113308
  131. Lepei Chen, Xiaoling Gao. The application of nanoparticles for neuroprotection in acute ischemic stroke. Therapeutic Delivery 2017;8:915
    https://doi.org/10.4155/tde-2017-0023
  132. Sarah Saxena, Mervyn Maze. Impact on the brain of the inflammatory response to surgery. La Presse Médicale 2018;47:e73
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lpm.2018.03.011
  133. Qi-Qi Li, Jia-Ying Li, Ming Zhou, Zheng-Hong Qin, Rui Sheng. Targeting neuroinflammation to treat cerebral ischemia - The role of TIGAR/NADPH axis. Neurochemistry International 2021;148:105081
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuint.2021.105081
  134. Zhenhui Duan, Huaiming Wang, Zhen Wang, Yonggang Hao, Wenjie Zi, Dong Yang, Zhiming Zhou, Wenhua Liu, Min Lin, Zhonghua Shi, Penghua Lv, Yue Wan, Gelin Xu, Yunyun Xiong, Wusheng Zhu, Xinfeng Liu. Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio Predicts Functional and Safety Outcomes after Endovascular Treatment for Acute Ischemic Stroke. Cerebrovasc Dis 2018;45:221
    https://doi.org/10.1159/000489401
  135. Ting Wang, Haiyan Liu, Xiue Wei. Association between the Composite Dietary Antioxidant Index and Stroke: A cross-sectional Study. Biol Trace Elem Res 2023
    https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-023-04011-5
  136. Mohammed Zawiah, Amer Hayat Khan, Rana Abu Farha, Abubakar Usman, Fahmi Y. Al-Ashwal, Mohammed Ahmed Akkaif. Assessing the predictive value of neutrophil percentage to albumin ratio for ICU admission in ischemic stroke patients. Front. Neurol. 2024;15
    https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2024.1322971
  137. Cep Juli, Henhen Heryaman, Arnengsih Nazir, Eng-Tat Ang, Irma Ruslina Defi, Uni Gamayani, Nur Atik. The Lymphocyte Depletion in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke Associated with Poor Neurologic Outcome. IJGM 2021;Volume 14:1843
    https://doi.org/10.2147/IJGM.S308325
  138. Chengjie Zhang, Yanbing Zhu, Song Wang, Zheng Zachory Wei, Michael Qize Jiang, Yongbo Zhang, Yuhualei Pan, Shaoxin Tao, Jimei Li, Ling Wei. Temporal Gene Expression Profiles after Focal Cerebral Ischemia in Mice. Aging and disease 2018;9:249
    https://doi.org/10.14336/AD.2017.0424
  139. Vandana Dulam, Sireesha Katta, Venkata Prasuja Nakka. Stroke and Distal Organ Damage: Exploring Brain-Kidney Crosstalk. Neurochem Res 2024
    https://doi.org/10.1007/s11064-024-04126-8
  140. Sara Bernardo-Castro, João André Sousa, Emanuel Martins, Helena Donato, César Nunes, Otília C d’Almeida, Miguel Castelo-Branco, Antero Abrunhosa, Lino Ferreira, João Sargento-Freitas. The evolution of blood–brain barrier permeability changes after stroke and its implications on clinical outcome: A systematic review and meta-analysis. International Journal of Stroke 2023;18:783
    https://doi.org/10.1177/17474930231166306
  141. Fangfang Fan, Lu Yang, Rui Li, Xuemei Zou, Ning Li, Xianli Meng, Yi Zhang, Xiaobo Wang. Salidroside as a potential neuroprotective agent for ischemic stroke: a review of sources, pharmacokinetics, mechanism and safety. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy 2020;129:110458
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110458
  142. Shannon M. Stuckey, Lin Kooi Ong, Lyndsey E. Collins-Praino, Renée J. Turner. Neuroinflammation as a Key Driver of Secondary Neurodegeneration Following Stroke?. IJMS 2021;22:13101
    https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms222313101
  143. Yaqiang Li, Mei Zhang, Min Xue, Dalei Liu, Jinglong Sun. Elevated monocyte-to-HDL cholesterol ratio predicts post-stroke depression. Front. Psychiatry 2022;13
    https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2022.902022
  144. Xinchun Ye, Lu Yu, Dandan Zuo, Liang Zhang, Jie Zu, Jinxia Hu, Jiao Tang, Lei Bao, Chengcheng Cui, Ruixue Zhang, Guoliang Jin, Kun Zan, Zuohui Zhang, Xinxin Yang, Hongjuan Shi, Zunsheng Zhang, Qihua Xiao, Yonghai Liu, Jie Xiang, Xueling Zhang, Guiyun Cui. Activated mGluR5 protects BV2 cells against OGD/R induced cytotoxicity by modulating BDNF-TrkB pathway. Neuroscience Letters 2017;654:70
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2017.06.029
  145. Ho Jun Yi, Jae Hoon Sung, Dong Hoon Lee. Systemic Inflammation Response Index and Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index Are Associated with Clinical Outcomes in Patients Treated with Mechanical Thrombectomy for Large Artery Occlusion. World Neurosurgery 2021;153:e282
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wneu.2021.06.113
  146. Pengyu Gong, Yi Xie, Teng Jiang, Yukai Liu, Meng Wang, Huanhuan Sun, Shuting Zhang, Yingdong Zhang, Xiaohao Zhang, Junshan Zhou. Neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio predicts post‐thrombolysis early neurological deterioration in acute ischemic stroke patients. Brain and Behavior 2019;9
    https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.1426
  147. Yuan Xue, Shan Li, Yuanyuan Xiang, Ziran Wang, Fengyun Wang, Yuanying Yu, Peng Yan, Xiaohui Liu, Qinjian Sun, Yifeng Du, Jifeng Li. Predictors for symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage after intravenous thrombolysis with acute ischemic stroke within 6 h in northern China: a multicenter, retrospective study. BMC Neurol 2022;22
    https://doi.org/10.1186/s12883-021-02534-9
  148. Xin Ma, Jie Yang, Xiaolu Wang, Xiang Wang, Shuhong Chai. The Clinical Value of Systemic Inflammatory Response Index and Inflammatory Prognosis Index in Predicting 3-Month Outcome in Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients with Intravenous Thrombolysis. IJGM 2022;Volume 15:7907
    https://doi.org/10.2147/IJGM.S384706
  149. Chao Li, Yuxing Wu, Qinjun Chen, Yifan Luo, Peixin Liu, Zheng Zhou, Zhenhao Zhao, Tongyu Zhang, Boyu Su, Tao Sun, Chen Jiang. Pleiotropic Microenvironment Remodeling Micelles for Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury Therapy by Inhibiting Neuronal Ferroptosis and Glial Overactivation. ACS Nano 2023;17:18164
    https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.3c05038
  150. Yu. A. Uspenskaya, A. V. Morgun, E. D. Osipova, E. A. Pozhilenkova, A. B. Salmina. Mechanisms of Cerebral Angiogenesis in Health and Brain Pathology. Neurosci Behav Physi 2022;52:453
    https://doi.org/10.1007/s11055-022-01259-7
  151. Maofan Liao, Fengli Li, Jinrong Hu, Jie Yang, Deping Wu, Dongjing Xie, Jiaxing Song, Jiacheng Huang, Yan Tian, Weidong Luo, Chengsong Yue, Shuai Liu, Weilin Kong, Li Huang, Wenjie Zi, Fangfei Li. High neutrophil counts before endovascular treatment for acute basilar artery occlusion predict worse outcomes. Front. Aging Neurosci. 2022;14
    https://doi.org/10.3389/fnagi.2022.978740
  152. Guodong Ma, Zirong Pan, Linglei Kong, Guanhua Du. Neuroinflammation in hemorrhagic transformation after tissue plasminogen activator thrombolysis: Potential mechanisms, targets, therapeutic drugs and biomarkers. International Immunopharmacology 2021;90:107216
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107216
  153. Yun-Xiang Zhou, Wen-Cai Li, Shao-Huai Xia, Ting Xiang, Can Tang, Jia-Li Luo, Ming-Jian Lin, Xue-Wei Xia, Wen-Bo Wang. Predictive Value of the Systemic Immune Inflammation Index for Adverse Outcomes in Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke. Front. Neurol. 2022;13
    https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2022.836595
  154. Thavarak Ouk, Camille Potey, Ilaria Maestrini, Maud Petrault, Anne-Marie Mendyk, Didier Leys, Regis Bordet, Sophie Gautier. Neutrophils in tPA-induced hemorrhagic transformations: Main culprit, accomplice or innocent bystander?. Pharmacology & Therapeutics 2019;194:73
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pharmthera.2018.09.005
  155. Yinzhong Ma, Shilun Yang, Qianyan He, Dianhui Zhang, Junlei Chang. The Role of Immune Cells in Post-Stroke Angiogenesis and Neuronal Remodeling: The Known and the Unknown. Front. Immunol. 2021;12
    https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.784098
  156. Seon-yeop Kim, Ho Jun Yi, Dong-Seong Shin, Bum-Tae Kim. Prognostic significance of platelet-to-lymphocyte and platelet-to-neutrophil ratios in patients with mechanical thrombectomy for acute ischemic stroke. J Cerebrovasc Endovasc Neurosurg 2022;24:221
    https://doi.org/10.7461/jcen.2022.E2021.10.003
  157. Akbar Hajizadeh Moghaddam, Seyed Reza Mokhtari Sangdehi, Mojtaba Ranjbar, Vahid Hasantabar. Preventive effect of silymarin-loaded chitosan nanoparticles against global cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats. European Journal of Pharmacology 2020;877:173066
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173066
  158. Bo Zhao, Qiyang Yin, Yuxiang Fei, Jianping Zhu, Yanying Qiu, Weirong Fang, Yunman Li. Research progress of mechanisms for tight junction damage on blood–brain barrier inflammation. Archives of Physiology and Biochemistry 2022;128:1579
    https://doi.org/10.1080/13813455.2020.1784952
  159. I. I. Dolgushin, Z. Z. Zaripova, M. I. Karpova. The role of neutrophils in the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke. Bûll. sib. med. 2021;20:152
    https://doi.org/10.20538/1682-0363-2021-3-152-160
  160. Chanhong Shi, Jianhong Li, Jianwei Li. Ephedrine attenuates cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats through NF-κB signaling pathway. Hum Exp Toxicol 2021;40:994
    https://doi.org/10.1177/0960327120975456
  161. Weizhuo Lu, Zhiwu Chen, Jiyue Wen. Flavonoids and ischemic stroke-induced neuroinflammation: Focus on the glial cells. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy 2024;170:115847
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115847
  162. Zixuan Tan, Fang Dong, Linyu Wu, Guangyu Xu, Feng Zhang. Transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation attenuated neuroinflammation and oxidative stress by activating SIRT1-induced signaling pathway in MCAO/R rat models. Experimental Neurology 2024;373:114658
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.expneurol.2023.114658
  163. Florentina Carmen Firan, Aurelia Romila, Gelu Onose. Current Synthesis and Systematic Review of Main Effects of Calf Blood Deproteinized Medicine (Actovegin®) in Ischemic Stroke. IJMS 2020;21:3181
    https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21093181
  164. Huatuo Huang, Thura Tun Oo, Nattayaporn Apaijai, Nipon Chattipakorn, Siriporn C Chattipakorn. An Updated Review of Mitochondrial Transplantation as a Potential Therapeutic Strategy Against Cerebral Ischemia and Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury. Mol Neurobiol 2023;60:1865
    https://doi.org/10.1007/s12035-022-03200-y
  165. Yu Wang, Yajun Shi, Junbo Zou, Xiaofei Zhang, Mei Wang, Dongyan Guo, Guiyuan Lv, Jie Su, Ting Wang. The intranasal administration of Carthamus tinctorius L. extract/phospholipid complex in the treatment of cerebral infarction via the TNF-α/MAPK pathway. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy 2020;130:110563
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110563
  166. Xue Bai, Yan-Li Zhang, Li-Ning Liu. Inhibition of TRIM8 restrains ischaemia-reperfusion-mediated cerebral injury by regulation of NF-κB activation associated inflammation and apoptosis. Experimental Cell Research 2020;388:111818
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yexcr.2020.111818
  167. Akhlaq A. Farooqui. Ischemic and Traumatic Brain and Spinal Cord Injuries. 2020.
    https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-813596-9.00002-X
  168. Sen Qun, Yan Tang, Jing Sun, Zhaoxia Liu, Juncang Wu, Ji Zhang, Jidong Guo, Zhiqiang Xu, Dan Zhang, Zhengxu Chen, Fuyong Hu, Xingshun Xu, Wei Ge. Neutrophil-To-Lymphocyte Ratio Predicts 3-Month Outcome of Acute Ischemic Stroke. Neurotox Res 2017;31:444
    https://doi.org/10.1007/s12640-017-9707-z
  169. Yaping Zhou, Yidi Zhang, Mingming Cui, Yuming Zhang, Xiuli Shang. Prognostic value of the systemic inflammation response index in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Brain and Behavior 2022;12
    https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.2619
  170. PingPing Jin, XianMei Li, Jie Chen, ZengRui Zhang, WangWang Hu, LuYun Chen, XiaoWen Feng, Bei Shao. Platelet-to-neutrophil ratio is a prognostic marker for 90-days outcome in acute ischemic stroke. Journal of Clinical Neuroscience 2019;63:110
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jocn.2019.01.028
  171. Jie Shao, Xiang Yin, Yue Lang, Manqiu Ding, Baizhuo Zhang, Qingqing Sun, Xiaoyu Jiang, Jia Song, Li Cui. Cellular Prion Protein Attenuates OGD/R-Induced Damage by Skewing Microglia toward an Anti-inflammatory State via Enhanced and Prolonged Activation of Autophagy. Mol Neurobiol 2023;60:1297
    https://doi.org/10.1007/s12035-022-03099-5
  172. Orkun Sarioglu, Ahmet Ergin Capar, Demet Funda Bas Sokmez, Pelin Topkaya, Umit Belet. Relationship between the first pass effect and the platelet-lymphocyte ratio in acute ischemic stroke. Interv Neuroradiol 2021;27:523
    https://doi.org/10.1177/1591019920976251
  173. Abdul Nasir, Mujeeb Ur Rehman, Tamreez Khan, Mansoor Husn, Manzar Khan, Ahmad Khan, Abdifatah Mohamed Nuh, Wei Jiang, Hafiz Muhammad Umer Farooqi, Qain Bai. Advances in nanotechnology-assisted photodynamic therapy for neurological disorders: a comprehensive review. Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology 2024;52:84
    https://doi.org/10.1080/21691401.2024.2304814
  174. Muhammad Faris, Budi Utomo, Asra Al Fauzi, I Ketut Sudiana, Sri Maliawan, Yoes Prijatna Dahlan, Oski Illiandri, Moh. Hasan Machfoed, Abdul Hafid Bajamal. ACTH₄₋₁₀PRO⁸-GLY⁹-PRO¹⁰ improves Neutrophil profile in spinal cord injury of rat models ‎. J Adv Pharm Educ Res 2021;11:61
    https://doi.org/10.51847/lWGhW1Yn1Q
  175. Lidia Garcia-Bonilla, Costantino Iadecola, Josef Anrather. Stroke. 2021.
    https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-69424-7.00010-7
  176. Hatice Ferhan Kömürcü, Eren Gözke, Pelin Doğan Ak, Işil Kalyoncu Aslan, Irmak Salt, Çisil İrem Özgenç Bi¸er. Changes in neutrophil, lymphocyte, platelet ratios and their relationship with NIHSS after rtPA and/or thrombectomy in ischemic stroke. Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases 2020;29:105004
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2020.105004
  177. Tessa Swanton, James Cook, James A. Beswick, Sally Freeman, Catherine B. Lawrence, David Brough. Is Targeting the Inflammasome a Way Forward for Neuroscience Drug Discovery?. SLAS Discovery 2018;23:991
    https://doi.org/10.1177/2472555218786210
  178. Hiroyuki Naito, Tomohisa Nezu, Naohisa Hosomi, Shiro Aoki, Naoto Kinoshita, Junichiro Kuga, Ryo Shimomura, Mutsuko Araki, Hiroki Ueno, Kazuhide Ochi, Hirofumi Maruyama. Controlling nutritional status score for predicting 3-mo functional outcome in acute ischemic stroke. Nutrition 2018;55-56:1
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nut.2018.02.025
  179. Chengbing Wang, Qian Zhang, Mingwei Ji, Jing Mang, Zhongxin Xu. Prognostic value of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in acute ischemic stroke patients treated with intravenous thrombolysis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Neurol 2021;21
    https://doi.org/10.1186/s12883-021-02222-8
  180. Lu Wang, Quhong Song, Changyi Wang, Simiao Wu, Linghui Deng, Yuxiao Li, Lukai Zheng, Ming Liu. Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio predicts poor outcomes after acute ischemic stroke: A cohort study and systematic review. Journal of the Neurological Sciences 2019;406:116445
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jns.2019.116445
  181. Daniela Frizon Alfieri, Marcio Francisco Lehmann, Tamires Flauzino, Maria Caroline Martins de Araújo, Nicolas Pivoto, Rafaele Maria Tirolla, Andrea Name Colado Simão, Michael Maes, Edna Maria Vissoci Reiche. Immune-Inflammatory, Metabolic, Oxidative, and Nitrosative Stress Biomarkers Predict Acute Ischemic Stroke and Short-Term Outcome. Neurotox Res 2020;38:330
    https://doi.org/10.1007/s12640-020-00221-0
  182. Kyle Malone, Sylvie Amu, Anne C. Moore, Christian Waeber. Immunomodulatory Therapeutic Strategies in Stroke. Front. Pharmacol. 2019;10
    https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2019.00630
  183. Ying Hou, Depeng Yang, Rongwu Xiang, Huiyang Wang, Xianshi Wang, Haotian Zhang, Pengwei Wang, Zhen Zhang, Xiaohang Che, Yinglu Liu, Yongfeng Gao, Xiangnan Yu, Xiaoyun Gao, Wen Zhang, Jingyu Yang, Chunfu Wu. N2 neutrophils may participate in spontaneous recovery after transient cerebral ischemia by inhibiting ischemic neuron injury in rats. International Immunopharmacology 2019;77:105970
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intimp.2019.105970
  184. Ilaria Boscolo Galazzo, Lorenza Brusini, Silvia Obertino, Mauro Zucchelli, Cristina Granziera, Gloria Menegaz. On the Viability of Diffusion MRI-Based Microstructural Biomarkers in Ischemic Stroke. Front. Neurosci. 2018;12
    https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2018.00092
  185. Feihui Zou, Jian Wang, Bin Han, Jiannan Bao, Yin Fu, Kefeng Liu. Early Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio Is a Prognostic Marker in Acute Ischemic Stroke After Successful Revascularization. World Neurosurgery 2022;157:e401
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wneu.2021.10.097
  186. Yong‐Lin Liu, Zhi‐Qiang Wu, Jian‐Feng Qu, Dong‐Hai Qiu, Gen‐Pei Luo, Han‐Peng Yin, Xue‐Wen Fang, Fang Wang, Yang‐Kun Chen. High neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio is a predictor of poor short‐term outcome in patients with mild acute ischemic stroke receiving intravenous thrombolysis. Brain and Behavior 2020;10
    https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.1857
  187. Mingzhu Deng, Kangping Song, Yangping Tong, Sufen Chen, Wei Xu, Guohua He, Jue Hu, Hui Xiao, Changmin Wan, Zhen Wang, Fangyi Li. Higher fibrinogen and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio are associated with the early poor response to intravenous thrombolysis in acute ischemic stroke. Front. Neurol. 2024;15
    https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2024.1291950
  188. Marina Leardini-Tristão, Giulia Andrade, Celina Garcia, Patrícia A. Reis, Millena Lourenço, Emilio T. S. Moreira, Flavia R. S. Lima, Hugo C. Castro-Faria-Neto, Eduardo Tibirica, Vanessa Estato. Physical exercise promotes astrocyte coverage of microvessels in a model of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion. J Neuroinflammation 2020;17
    https://doi.org/10.1186/s12974-020-01771-y
  189. Hongbing Liu, Kai Liu, Lulu Pei, Yuan Gao, Lu Zhao, Shilei Sun, Jun Wu, Yusheng Li, Hui Fang, Bo Song, Yuming Xu. Monocyte-to-High-Density Lipoprotein Ratio Predicts the Outcome of Acute Ischemic Stroke. JAT 2020;27:959
    https://doi.org/10.5551/jat.51151
  190. Elena Spronk, Gina Sykes, Sarina Falcione, Danielle Munsterman, Twinkle Joy, Joseph Kamtchum-Tatuene, Glen C. Jickling. Hemorrhagic Transformation in Ischemic Stroke and the Role of Inflammation. Front. Neurol. 2021;12
    https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2021.661955
  191. Xiao Su, Shigang Zhao, Nan Zhang, Shashank Shekhar. Admission NLPR predicts long-term mortality in patients with acute ischemic stroke: A retrospective analysis of the MIMIC-III database. PLoS ONE 2023;18:e0283356
    https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0283356
  192. Pengyu Gong, Yukai Liu, Ting Huang, Wenxiu Chen, Teng Jiang, Yachi Gong, Min Lu, Meng Wang, Yingdong Zhang, Xiaohao Zhang, Qiwen Deng, Junshan Zhou. The association between high-sensitivity C-reactive protein at admission and progressive motor deficits in patients with penetrating artery infarctions. BMC Neurol 2019;19
    https://doi.org/10.1186/s12883-019-1538-5
  193. Xuemei Fan, Shuai Wang, Shuqi Hu, Bingjie Yang, Hao Zhang. Host-microbiota interactions: The aryl hydrocarbon receptor in the acute and chronic phases of cerebral ischemia. Front. Immunol. 2022;13
    https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.967300
  194. Milena Świtońska, Artur Słomka, Piotr Korbal, Natalia Piekuś-Słomka, Władysław Sinkiewicz, Paweł Sokal, Ewa Żekanowska. Association of Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio and Lymphocyte-to-Monocyte Ratio with Treatment Modalities of Acute Ischaemic Stroke: A Pilot Study. Medicina 2019;55:342
    https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina55070342
  195. Madigan M. Reid, Ludmila Belayev, Larissa Khoutorova, Pranab K. Mukherjee, Andre Obenaus, Kierany Shelvin, Stacey Knowles, Sung-Ha Hong, Nicolas G. Bazan. Integrated inflammatory signaling landscape response after delivering Elovanoid free-fatty-acid precursors leading to experimental stroke neuroprotection. Sci Rep 2023;13
    https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-42126-w
  196. Bin Li, Xiaoying Chen, Yuting Jiang, Yong Yang, Jie Zhong, Cong Zhou, Haochang Hu, Shiwei Duan. CCL2 promoter hypomethylation is associated with gout risk in Chinese Han male population. Immunology Letters 2017;190:15
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.imlet.2017.06.011