Fig. 2. Generation of ROS. The superoxide (O₂^-) is generated from O₂as a by-product of respiratory chain complex in the mitochondria or by NADPH oxidase. By superoxide dismutase (SOD), the superoxide (O₂^-) can be transformed into hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), which can be further transformed to a number of other ROS such as hydroxyl radicals (·OH) and hydroxyl anions (OH^-).

Exp Neurobiol 2015;24:325~340 https://doi.org/10.5607/en.2015.24.4.325

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