Values are expressed as mean±SD.

C-ALS: cervical-onset amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, L-ALS: lumbosacral-onset amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, M: male, F: female, ALSFRS-r: revised amyotrophic lateral sclerosis functional rating scale, ALSFRS-r bulbar: revised amyotrophic lateral sclerosis functional rating scale bulbar subscore for speech, salivation, and swallowing, BMI: body mass index, MIP: maximal inspiratory pressure, MEP: maximal expiratory pressure, SNIP: sniff nasal inspiratory pressure, PEF: peak expiratory flow, FVC: forced vital capacity.

^ap<0.05 compared with control. ^bp<0.05 compared with L-ALS.