Fig. 3. The measurement of pro-inflammatory cytokines in N2A cells under high glucose condition and agmatine treatment. (A) Pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6 mRNA level was measured by using quantitative real time-PCR. In glucose 200 µM group, mRNA level of IL-6 was increased compared to the normal control group whereas the agmatine treatment groups showed lesser mRNA levels of IL-6 in spite of the high glucose toxicity. (B) TNF-alpha mRNA level was measured by using reverse transcription-PCR. In high glucose group, mRNA level of TNF-alpha was increased compared to the normal control group. The agmatine treatment group showed lesser mRNA level of TNF-alpha in spite of the high glucose toxic condition. (C) CCL2 mRNA level was measured by using reverse transcription-PCR. In high glucose group, mRNA level of CCL2 was increased compared to the normal control group. The agmatine treatment group showed lesser mRNA level of CCL2 in spite of the high glucose toxic condition. Data were expressed as mean±S.E.M, and each experiment included 4 repeats per condition. beta-actin was used as an internal control. Differences were considered significant at *p<0.05, **p<0.001. IL-6: interleukin-6, CCL2: chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2, TNF-alpha: tumor suppressor factor-alpha.
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