Fig. 1. Immune signaling of microglia and astrocyte after ischemic stroke. Resting microglia can be polarized to either the M1 or M2 phenotype. M1 microglia contribute to neuronal damage by pro-inflammatory mediators, whereas M2 microglia improve neuronal protection through anti-inflammatory mediators and phagocytic functions. Astrocytes accumulate at the borders of the lesion, become reactive, and start the formation of a glial scar.
© Exp Neurobiol
