Fig. 1. A schematic diagram to propose a model of high-mobility group box1 (HMGB1) / Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) axis in ischemic oligodendrocyte death and white matter damage. Ischemic insult results in oligodendrocyte (OL) death. During OL death, HMGB1 is released from dying OLs. Released HMGB1 could interact with TLR2 on neighboring OLs and activates downstream pro-survival, protective signaling pathways with autocrine manner. Released HMGB1 also interact with TLR2 on microglia and increased both M1 and M2 marker expression in microglia.
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