Experimental Neurobiology

Table 1

Impaired autophagy in age-related diseases

Disease	Major causes and defects	References
Alzheimer’s disease	Clearance of misfolded plaque as autophagy substrate	[1, 111–113, 117–120]
	Lysosomal. acidification	[112, 113, 116]
	Inflammatory cytokine & Reactive microglia	[8, 121–125, 127]
	Oxidative stress	[128–130]
	Mitochondrial oxidative damage	[131, 133]
Huntington’s disease	Accumulation of mutant htt & Cell death	[134, 136–139]
	Oxidative stress & DNA repair system	[9, 135, 137, 140, 141]
Parkinson’s disease	Genetic mutations in autosomal dominant genes	[12, 142, 144, 145, 148, 149]
	Genetic mutations in autosomal recessive genes	[12, 146, 147]
	Oxidative stress & DNA repair system	[10, 150–152]
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis	Mutation of SOD1 gene	[153–155, 157, 158]
	Mutation of p62	[153, 156]
	Abnormal cytoplasmic accumulation of TDP-43	[153, 159, 160]
	Deletion of C9ORF72	[161]
	Inflammatory responses & Reactive microglia	[11, 162–165]