en Experimental Neurobiology

Cited by CrossRef (72)

  1. Paola Imbriani, Giuseppina Martella, Paola Bonsi, Antonio Pisani. Oxidative stress and synaptic dysfunction in rodent models of Parkinson's disease. Neurobiology of Disease 2022;173:105851
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nbd.2022.105851
  2. Yoshiki Nakashima, Chika Miyagi-Shiohira, Hirofumi Noguchi, Takeshi Omasa. The Healing Effect of Human Milk Fat Globule-EGF Factor 8 Protein (MFG-E8) in A Rat Model of Parkinson’s Disease. Brain Sciences 2018;8:167
    https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci8090167
  3. Michiyo Iba, Changyoun Kim, Michelle Sallin, Somin Kwon, Anjali Verma, Cassia Overk, Robert A. Rissman, Ranjan Sen, Jyoti Misra Sen, Eliezer Masliah. Neuroinflammation is associated with infiltration of T cells in Lewy body disease and α-synuclein transgenic models. J Neuroinflammation 2020;17
    https://doi.org/10.1186/s12974-020-01888-0
  4. Ildefonso Rodriguez‐Leyva, Erika Chi‐Ahumada, Manuel Mejía, Juan P. Castanedo‐Cazares, William Eng, Sami K. Saikaly, Juan Carrizales, Todd D. Levine, Robert A. Norman, Maria E. Jimenez‐Capdeville. The Presence of Alpha‐Synuclein in Skin from Melanoma and Patients with Parkinson's Disease. Movement Disord Clin Pract 2017;4:724
    https://doi.org/10.1002/mdc3.12494
  5. Pietro La Vitola, Luisa Artioli, Milica Cerovic, Cristian Poletto, Letizia Dacomo, Susanna Leva, Claudia Balducci, Gianluigi Forloni. Repositioning doxycycline for treating synucleinopathies: Evidence from a pre-clinical mouse model. Parkinsonism & Related Disorders 2023;106:105229
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.parkreldis.2022.105229
  6. Ruichen Su, Tian Zhou. Alpha-Synuclein Induced Immune Cells Activation and Associated Therapy in Parkinson’s Disease. Front. Aging Neurosci. 2021;13
    https://doi.org/10.3389/fnagi.2021.769506
  7. Paula M. Loveland, Jenny J. Yu, Leonid Churilov, Nawaf Yassi, Rosie Watson. Investigation of Inflammation in Lewy Body Dementia: A Systematic Scoping Review. IJMS 2023;24:12116
    https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241512116
  8. Jonas Folke, Emil Bergholt, Bente Pakkenberg, Susana Aznar, Tomasz Brudek. Alpha-Synuclein Autoimmune Decline in Prodromal Multiple System Atrophy and Parkinson’s Disease. IJMS 2022;23:6554
    https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23126554
  9. Boyuan Huang, Yan Zhenxin, Sisi Chen, Zhenhua Tan, Zhitao Zong, Hongbo Zhang, Xiaoxing Xiong, Surya Singh. The Innate and Adaptive Immune Cells in Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s Diseases. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2022;2022:1
    https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/1315248
  10. Houfang Long, Shengnan Zhang, Shuyi Zeng, Yilun Tong, Jun Liu, Cong Liu, Dan Li. Interaction of RAGE with α-synuclein fibrils mediates inflammatory response of microglia. Cell Reports 2022;40:111401
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111401
  11. Yunna Li, Yun Xia, Sijia Yin, Fang Wan, Junjie Hu, Liang Kou, Yadi Sun, Jiawei Wu, Qiulu Zhou, Jinsha Huang, Nian Xiong, Tao Wang. Targeting Microglial α-Synuclein/TLRs/NF-kappaB/NLRP3 Inflammasome Axis in Parkinson’s Disease. Front. Immunol. 2021;12
    https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.719807
  12. Ashley S. Harms, Vedad Delic, Aaron D. Thome, Nicole Bryant, Zhiyong Liu, Sidhanth Chandra, Asta Jurkuvenaite, Andrew B. West. α-Synuclein fibrils recruit peripheral immune cells in the rat brain prior to neurodegeneration. acta neuropathol commun 2017;5
    https://doi.org/10.1186/s40478-017-0494-9
  13. Pierre Garcia, Wiebke Jürgens‐Wemheuer, Oihane Uriarte Huarte, Alessandro Michelucci, Annette Masuch, Simone Brioschi, Andreas Weihofen, Eric Koncina, Djalil Coowar, Tony Heurtaux, Enrico Glaab, Rudi Balling, Carole Sousa, Tony Kaoma, Nathalie Nicot, Tatjana Pfander, Walter Schulz‐Schaeffer, Ahmad Allouche, Nicolas Fischer, Knut Biber, Felix Kleine‐Borgmann, Michel Mittelbronn, Marek Ostaszewski, Kristopher J. Schmit, Manuel Buttini. Neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation are linked, but independent of alpha‐synuclein inclusions, in a seeding/spreading mouse model of Parkinson's disease. Glia 2022;70:935
    https://doi.org/10.1002/glia.24149
  14. Margaret S. Ho. Neuroglia in Neurodegenerative Diseases. 2022.
    https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-9913-8_13
  15. Alyssa Lillian, Wanhong Zuo, Linda Laham, Sabine Hilfiker, Jiang-Hong Ye. Pathophysiology and Neuroimmune Interactions Underlying Parkinson’s Disease and Traumatic Brain Injury. IJMS 2023;24:7186
    https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24087186
  16. Alana Hoffmann, Benjamin Ettle, Kristina Battis, Simone Reiprich, Johannes C. M. Schlachetzki, Eliezer Masliah, Michael Wegner, Tanja Kuhlmann, Markus J. Riemenschneider, Jürgen Winkler. Oligodendroglial α‐synucleinopathy‐driven neuroinflammation in multiple system atrophy. Brain Pathology 2019;29:380
    https://doi.org/10.1111/bpa.12678
  17. Yuanyuan Li, Mengyue Niu, Aonan Zhao, Wenyan Kang, Zhichun Chen, Ningdi Luo, Liche Zhou, Xiongwei Zhu, Liming Lu, Jun Liu. CXCL12 is involved in α-synuclein-triggered neuroinflammation of Parkinson’s disease. J Neuroinflammation 2019;16
    https://doi.org/10.1186/s12974-019-1646-6
  18. Ian F. Caplan, Kathleen A. Maguire-Zeiss. Toll-Like Receptor 2 Signaling and Current Approaches for Therapeutic Modulation in Synucleinopathies. Front. Pharmacol. 2018;9
    https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2018.00417
  19. Mauricio dos‐Santos‐Pereira, Leonardo Acuña, Sabah Hamadat, Jeremy Rocca, Florencia González‐Lizárraga, Rosana Chehín, Julia Sepulveda‐Diaz, Elaine Del‐Bel, Rita Raisman‐Vozari, Patrick P. Michel. Microglial glutamate release evoked by α‐synuclein aggregates is prevented by dopamine. Glia 2018;66:2353
    https://doi.org/10.1002/glia.23472
  20. Acuña, Hamadat, Corbalán, González-Lizárraga, dos-Santos-Pereira, Rocca, Díaz, Del-Bel, Papy-García, Chehín, Michel, Raisman-Vozari. Rifampicin and Its Derivative Rifampicin Quinone Reduce Microglial Inflammatory Responses and Neurodegeneration Induced In Vitro by α-Synuclein Fibrillary Aggregates. Cells 2019;8:776
    https://doi.org/10.3390/cells8080776
  21. Yuanyuan Liang, Lin Wang. Inflamma-MicroRNAs in Alzheimer’s Disease: From Disease Pathogenesis to Therapeutic Potentials. Front. Cell. Neurosci. 2021;15
    https://doi.org/10.3389/fncel.2021.785433
  22. Seung Pil Yun, Tae-In Kam, Nikhil Panicker, SangMin Kim, Yumin Oh, Jong-Sung Park, Seung-Hwan Kwon, Yong Joo Park, Senthilkumar S. Karuppagounder, Hyejin Park, Sangjune Kim, Nayeon Oh, Nayoung Alice Kim, Saebom Lee, Saurav Brahmachari, Xiaobo Mao, Jun Hee Lee, Manoj Kumar, Daniel An, Sung-Ung Kang, Yunjong Lee, Kang Choon Lee, Dong Hee Na, Donghoon Kim, Sang Hun Lee, Viktor V. Roschke, Shane A. Liddelow, Zoltan Mari, Ben A. Barres, Valina L. Dawson, Seulki Lee, Ted M. Dawson, Han Seok Ko. Block of A1 astrocyte conversion by microglia is neuroprotective in models of Parkinson’s disease. Nat Med 2018;24:931
    https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-018-0051-5
  23. Debashis Dutta, Malabendu Jana, Moumita Majumder, Susanta Mondal, Avik Roy, Kalipada Pahan. Selective targeting of the TLR2/MyD88/NF-κB pathway reduces α-synuclein spreading in vitro and in vivo. Nat Commun 2021;12
    https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-25767-1
  24. Constanza J. Cortes, Zurine De Miguel, Henriette van Praag, Christiane Wrann. Precision Exercise Medicine: Sex Specific Differences in Immune and CNS Responses to Physical Activity. BPL 2022;8:65
    https://doi.org/10.3233/BPL-220139
  25. Ashley S. Harms, Jeffrey H. Kordower, Alessandro Sette, Cecilia S. Lindestam Arlehamn, David Sulzer, Robert H. Mach. Inflammation in Experimental Models of α‐Synucleinopathies. Movement Disorders 2021;36:37
    https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.28264
  26. Emily M. Rocha, Briana De Miranda, Laurie H. Sanders. Alpha-synuclein: Pathology, mitochondrial dysfunction and neuroinflammation in Parkinson’s disease. Neurobiology of Disease 2018;109:249
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nbd.2017.04.004
  27. Mychal S. Grames, Robert D. Dayton, Kasey L. Jackson, Adam D. Richard, Xiaohong Lu, Ronald L. Klein. Cre‐dependent AAV vectors for highly targeted expression of disease‐related proteins and neurodegeneration in the substantia nigra. FASEB j. 2018;32:4420
    https://doi.org/10.1096/fj.201701529RR
  28. Qiao‐qiao Yang, Jia‐wei Zhou. Neuroinflammation in the central nervous system: Symphony of glial cells. Glia 2019;67:1017
    https://doi.org/10.1002/glia.23571
  29. Bernd L. Fiebich, Carla Ribeiro Alvares Batista, Soraya Wilke Saliba, Nizar M. Yousif, Antonio Carlos Pinheiro de Oliveira. Role of Microglia TLRs in Neurodegeneration. Front. Cell. Neurosci. 2018;12
    https://doi.org/10.3389/fncel.2018.00329
  30. José A. Rodríguez-Gómez, Edel Kavanagh, Pinelopi Engskog-Vlachos, Mikael K.R. Engskog, Antonio J. Herrera, Ana M. Espinosa-Oliva, Bertrand Joseph, Nabil Hajji, José L. Venero, Miguel A. Burguillos. Microglia: Agents of the CNS Pro-Inflammatory Response. Cells 2020;9:1717
    https://doi.org/10.3390/cells9071717
  31. Estefany Y. Reyes, Mari L. Shinohara. Host immune responses in the central nervous system during fungal infections. Immunological Reviews 2022;311:50
    https://doi.org/10.1111/imr.13101
  32. Inês C. Brás, Tiago F. Outeiro. Mechanisms of Cell Death and Approaches to Neuroprotection/Disease Modification in Parkinson's Disease. 2022.
    https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.irmvd.2021.08.002
  33. Weifeng Zhang, Dan Xiao, Qinwen Mao, Haibin Xia. Role of neuroinflammation in neurodegeneration development. Sig Transduct Target Ther 2023;8
    https://doi.org/10.1038/s41392-023-01486-5
  34. Anna Rita Sarni, Luciana Baroni. Milk and Parkinson disease: Could galactose be the missing link. MNM 2019;12:91
    https://doi.org/10.3233/MNM-180234
  35. Ana V. Domingues, Inês M. Pereira, Helena Vilaça-Faria, António J. Salgado, Ana J. Rodrigues, Fábio G. Teixeira. Glial cells in Parkinson´s disease: protective or deleterious?. Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 2020;77:5171
    https://doi.org/10.1007/s00018-020-03584-x
  36. Shadab Md, Subrat K. Bhattmisra, Farrukh Zeeshan, Naiyer Shahzad, Md Ali Mujtaba, Venkata Srikanth Meka, Ammu Radhakrishnan, Prashant Kesharwani, Sanjula Baboota, Javed Ali. Nano-carrier enabled drug delivery systems for nose to brain targeting for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology 2018;43:295
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jddst.2017.09.022
  37. Mee-inta, Zhao, Kuo. Physical Exercise Inhibits Inflammation and Microglial Activation. Cells 2019;8:691
    https://doi.org/10.3390/cells8070691
  38. Davide Cossu, Taku Hatano, Nobutaka Hattori. The Role of Immune Dysfunction in Parkinson’s Disease Development. IJMS 2023;24:16766
    https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms242316766
  39. Marcell P. Szabo, Michiyo Iba, Avindra Nath, Eliezer Masliah, Changyoun Kim. Does SARS-CoV-2 affect neurodegenerative disorders? TLR2, a potential receptor for SARS-CoV-2 in the CNS. Exp Mol Med 2022;54:447
    https://doi.org/10.1038/s12276-022-00755-7
  40. Antonina Kouli, C.B. Horne, C.H. Williams-Gray. Toll-like receptors and their therapeutic potential in Parkinson’s disease and α-synucleinopathies. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity 2019;81:41
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2019.06.042
  41. Samuel J. Crowley, Guita Banan, Manish Amin, Jared J. Tanner, Loren Hizel, Peter Nguyen, Babette Brumback, Katie Rodriguez, Nikolaus McFarland, Dawn Bowers, Mingzhou Ding, Thomas A. Mareci, Catherine C. Price. Statistically Defined Parkinson’s Disease Executive and Memory Cognitive Phenotypes: Demographic, Behavioral, and Structural Neuroimaging Comparisons. JPD 2021;11:283
    https://doi.org/10.3233/JPD-202166
  42. Dafina Angelova, David Brown. Model Senescent Microglia Induce Disease Related Changes in α-Synuclein Expression and Activity. Biomolecules 2018;8:67
    https://doi.org/10.3390/biom8030067
  43. Alexander Hull, Magda L. Atilano, Laith Gergi, Kerri J. Kinghorn. Lysosomal storage, impaired autophagy and innate immunity in Gaucher and Parkinson's diseases: insights for drug discovery. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B 2024;379
    https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2022.0381
  44. Marie-Victoire Guillot-Sestier, Terrence Town. Let’s make microglia great again in neurodegenerative disorders. J Neural Transm 2018;125:751
    https://doi.org/10.1007/s00702-017-1792-x
  45. Liyan Hou, Xiuqi Bao, Caixia Zang, Hanyu Yang, Fuqiang Sun, Yuning Che, Xuefei Wu, Shao Li, Dan Zhang, Qingshan Wang. Integrin CD11b mediates α-synuclein-induced activation of NADPH oxidase through a Rho-dependent pathway. Redox Biology 2018;14:600
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.redox.2017.11.010
  46. Gianluigi Forloni, Pietro La Vitola, Milica Cerovic, Claudia Balducci. Molecular Biology of Neurodegenerative Diseases: Visions for the Future, Part B. 2018.
    https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.pmbts.2020.11.001
  47. P. La Vitola, C. Balducci, M. Baroni, L. Artioli, G. Santamaria, M. Castiglioni, M. Cerovic, L. Colombo, L. Caldinelli, L. Pollegioni, G. Forloni. Peripheral inflammation exacerbates α‐synuclein toxicity and neuropathology in Parkinson's models. Neuropathology Appl Neurobio 2021;47:43
    https://doi.org/10.1111/nan.12644
  48. Soo Jeong Kim, Min Jeong Ryu, Jeongsu Han, Yunseon Jang, Min Joung Lee, Xianshu Ju, Ilhwan Ryu, Yu Lim Lee, Eungseok Oh, Woosuk Chung, Jun Young Heo, Gi Ryang Kweon. Non-cell autonomous modulation of tyrosine hydroxylase by HMGB1 released from astrocytes in an acute MPTP-induced Parkinsonian mouse model. Laboratory Investigation 2019;99:1389
    https://doi.org/10.1038/s41374-019-0254-5
  49. Changyoun Kim, Alexandria Beilina, Nathan Smith, Yan Li, Minhyung Kim, Ravindran Kumaran, Alice Kaganovich, Adamantios Mamais, Anthony Adame, Michiyo Iba, Somin Kwon, Won-Jae Lee, Soo-Jean Shin, Robert A. Rissman, Sungyong You, Seung-Jae Lee, Andrew B. Singleton, Mark R. Cookson, Eliezer Masliah. LRRK2 mediates microglial neurotoxicity via NFATc2 in rodent models of synucleinopathies. Sci. Transl. Med. 2020;12
    https://doi.org/10.1126/scitranslmed.aay0399
  50. Yu-Mi Jeon, Younghwi Kwon, Myungjin Jo, Shinrye Lee, Seyeon Kim, Hyung-Jun Kim. The Role of Glial Mitochondria in α-Synuclein Toxicity. Front. Cell Dev. Biol. 2020;8
    https://doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2020.548283
  51. Liuke Sun, Ruifang Shen, Sandeep K. Agnihotri, Yun Chen, Zhiwei Huang, Hansruedi Büeler. Lack of PINK1 alters glia innate immune responses and enhances inflammation-induced, nitric oxide-mediated neuron death. Sci Rep 2018;8
    https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-18786-w
  52. Pietro La Vitola, Claudia Balducci, Milica Cerovic, Giulia Santamaria, Edoardo Brandi, Federica Grandi, Laura Caldinelli, Laura Colombo, Maria Grazia Morgese, Luigia Trabace, Loredano Pollegioni, Diego Albani, Gianluigi Forloni. Alpha-synuclein oligomers impair memory through glial cell activation and via Toll-like receptor 2. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity 2018;69:591
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2018.02.012
  53. Aubrey M. Schonhoff, Gregory P. Williams, Zachary D. Wallen, David G. Standaert, Ashley S. Harms. Recent Advances in Parkinson's Disease. 2018.
    https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.pbr.2019.10.006
  54. Rachel Kery, AllenP. F. Chen, GregoryW Kirschen. Genetic targeting of astrocytes to combat neurodegenerative disease. Neural Regen Res 2020;15:199
    https://doi.org/10.4103/1673-5374.265541
  55. Hermínio Maurício da Rocha Sobrinho, Delson José da Silva, Larissa Fonseca Gomides, Miriam Leandro Dorta, Milton Adriano Pelli de Oliveira, Fátima Ribeiro-Dias. TLR4 and TLR2 activation is differentially associated with age during Parkinson’s disease. Immunological Investigations 2018;47:71
    https://doi.org/10.1080/08820139.2017.1379024
  56. Ruwani S. Wijeyekoon, Deborah Kronenberg-Versteeg, Kirsten M. Scott, Shaista Hayat, Wei-Li Kuan, Jonathan R. Evans, David P. Breen, Gemma Cummins, Joanne L. Jones, Menna R. Clatworthy, R. Andres Floto, Roger A. Barker, Caroline H. Williams-Gray. Peripheral innate immune and bacterial signals relate to clinical heterogeneity in Parkinson’s disease. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity 2020;87:473
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2020.01.018
  57. Piplu Bhuiyan, Yinan Chen, Mazharul Karim, Hongquan Dong, Yanning Qian. Bidirectional communication between mast cells and the gut-brain axis in neurodegenerative diseases: Avenues for therapeutic intervention. Brain Research Bulletin 2021;172:61
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brainresbull.2021.04.010
  58. Pin-Jui Kung, Inas Elsayed, Paula Reyes-Pérez, Sara Bandres-Ciga, Bastiaan R. Bloem, Patrik Brundin, Eng King Tan, Ashley Harms, Cecilia Lindestam Arlehamn, Caroline Williams-Gray. Immunogenetic Determinants of Parkinson’s Disease Etiology. JPD 2022;12:S13
    https://doi.org/10.3233/JPD-223176
  59. Arash Heidari, Niloufar Yazdanpanah, Nima Rezaei. The role of Toll-like receptors and neuroinflammation in Parkinson’s disease. J Neuroinflammation 2022;19
    https://doi.org/10.1186/s12974-022-02496-w
  60. Yaping Chu, Warren D. Hirst, Jeffrey H. Kordower. Precision Medicine in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Part I. 2022.
    https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-85538-9.00012-2
  61. Youcui Wang, Xiaoqin Zhang, Fenghua Chen, Leilei Chen, Jun Wang, Junxia Xie. LRRK2-NFATc2 Pathway Associated with Neuroinflammation May Be a Potential Therapeutic Target for Parkinson’s Disease. JIR 2021;Volume 14:2583
    https://doi.org/10.2147/JIR.S301531
  62. Thuy Thi Lai, Young Eun Kim, Linh Thi Nhat Nguyen, Tinh Thi Nguyen, In Hee Kwak, Franziska Richter, Yun Joong Kim, Hyeo-il Ma. Microglial inhibition alleviates alpha-synuclein propagation and neurodegeneration in Parkinson’s disease mouse model. npj Parkinsons Dis. 2024;10
    https://doi.org/10.1038/s41531-024-00640-2
  63. Ke-Lu Li, Hong-Yan Huang, Hui Ren, Xing-Long Yang. Role of exosomes in the pathogenesis of inflammation in Parkinson’s disease. Neural Regen Res 2022;17:1898
    https://doi.org/10.4103/1673-5374.335143
  64. Tuuli-Maria Sonninen, Gundars Goldsteins, Nihay Laham-Karam, Jari Koistinaho, Šárka Lehtonen. Proteostasis Disturbances and Inflammation in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Cells 2020;9:2183
    https://doi.org/10.3390/cells9102183
  65. Ngan Pan Bennett Au, Chi Him Eddie Ma. Recent Advances in the Study of Bipolar/Rod-Shaped Microglia and their Roles in Neurodegeneration. Front. Aging Neurosci. 2017;9
    https://doi.org/10.3389/fnagi.2017.00128
  66. Douglas G. Walker, Tiffany M. Tang, Lih-Fen Lue. Increased expression of toll-like receptor 3, an anti-viral signaling molecule, and related genes in Alzheimer's disease brains. Experimental Neurology 2018;309:91
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.expneurol.2018.07.016
  67. Agata Habas, Srinivasa Reddy Natala, Jon K. Bowden-Verhoek, Emily M. Stocking, Diana L. Price, Wolfgang Wrasidlo, Douglas W. Bonhaus, Martin B. Gill, Jian-Dong Li. NPT1220-312, a TLR2/TLR9 Small Molecule Antagonist, Inhibits Pro-Inflammatory Signaling, Cytokine Release, and NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation. International Journal of Inflammation 2022;2022:1
    https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/2337363
  68. Dustin L. Heiden, Brendan Monogue, M.D. Haider Ali, J. David Beckham. A functional role for alpha-synuclein in neuroimmune responses. Journal of Neuroimmunology 2023;376:578047
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneuroim.2023.578047
  69. Yan Shen, Xingfang Guo, Chao Han, Fang Wan, Kai Ma, Shiyi Guo, Luxi Wang, Yun Xia, Ling Liu, Zhicheng Lin, Jinsha Huang, Nian Xiong, Tao Wang. The implication of neuronimmunoendocrine (NIE) modulatory network in the pathophysiologic process of Parkinson’s disease. Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 2017;74:3741
    https://doi.org/10.1007/s00018-017-2549-2
  70. Matthew J. Benskey, Rhyomi C. Sellnow, Ivette M. Sandoval, Caryl E. Sortwell, Jack W. Lipton, Fredric P. Manfredsson. Silencing Alpha Synuclein in Mature Nigral Neurons Results in Rapid Neuroinflammation and Subsequent Toxicity. Front. Mol. Neurosci. 2018;11
    https://doi.org/10.3389/fnmol.2018.00036
  71. Donald H. Penning, Simona Cazacu, Aharon Brodie, Vesna Jevtovic-Todorovic, Steve N. Kalkanis, Michael Lewis, Chaya Brodie. Neuron-Glia Crosstalk Plays a Major Role in the Neurotoxic Effects of Ketamine via Extracellular Vesicles. Front. Cell Dev. Biol. 2021;9
    https://doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2021.691648
  72. He-Jin Lee, Diadem Ricarte, Darlene Ortiz, Seung-Jae Lee. Models of multiple system atrophy. Exp Mol Med 2019;51:1
    https://doi.org/10.1038/s12276-019-0346-8