Fig. 3. LPS induced GDF15 expression and phosphorylation of p65, and degradation IκBα. Serum-starved astrocytes were treated with LPS (100 ng/ml) for the indicated time period and western blot analysis was performed using the specific antibodies anti-GDF15, anti P-p65; phosphorylated p65 subunit, and anti- IκBα. Anti- actin antibody was used as loading control. Relative density was obtained by densitometry analysis of the corresponding immunoblot data. Statistical differences were determined by comparing the values for actin in each lane. Data are expressed as optical densities and represent means±SEM of three independent experiments. ***p < 0.001 vs. control.
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