Fig. 2. Scheduled physical exercise stably counteracted long-lasting stress-induced anxiety. (A) Experimental design for treatment with 2 h×14 d RST (RST), post-stress treatment with wheel-running exercise (RST+EXE) and imipramine (RST+IMI), and subsequent behavioral assessments. Behavioral analyses were carried out on post-stress days 28 (4 weeks after treatment with 2 h×14 d RST) and 84 (12 weeks after treatment with 2 h×14 d RST). p1- p84 represent post-stress days. (B) The number of entries and time spent in the open arms in the elevated plus maze test on post-stress day 28 (4 weeks after RST; post-4wk) among mice treated with 2 h×14 d RST (RST), mice treated with 2 h×14 d RST followed by exercise (RST+EXE), mice treated with 2 h×14 d RST followed by imipramine (RST+IMI), and their control mice (CON). (C) The number of marbles buried in the marble-burying test on post-stress day 28 (4 weeks after RST; post-4wk) among mice treated with 2 h×14 d RST (RST), mice treated with 2 h×14 d RST followed by exercise (RST+EXE), mice treated with 2 h×14 d RST followed by imipramine (RST+IMI), and their control mice (CON). (D) The number of entries and time spent in the open arms in the elevated plus maze test on post-stress day 84 (12 weeks after RST; post-12wk)among mice treated with 2 h×14 d RST (RST), mice treated with 2 h×14 d RST followed by exercise (RST+EXE), mice treated with 2 h×14 d RST followed by imipramine (RST+IMI), and their control mice (CON). (E) The number of marbles buried in the marble-burying test on post-stress day 84 (12 weeks after RST; post-12wk) among mice treated with 2 h×14 d RST (RST), mice treated with 2 h×14 d RST followed by exercise (RST+EXE), mice treated with 2 h×14 d RST followed by imipramine (RST+IMI), and their control mice (CON). Data are presented as mean±SEM (8~10). * and **, p<0.05 and p<0.01, respectively, for the differences between the control and indicated groups (one-way ANOVA and Newman-Keuls post hoc test).
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