| Effector | Expression | Promoter | Genetic tool | Delivery | Stimulation | Released gliotransmitter | Response (nearby neurons) | Reference | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Response (effector+ cells) | Response (animals) | ||||||||
| MrgprA1 | Hippocampal slices | GFAP | tTA/tetO | TG mice | [Ca2+]i↑ | n.d. | n.d. | No response in CA1 pyramidal neurons | Ref. 42 |
| MrgprA1 | Hippocampal slices | GFAP | tTA/tetO | TG mice | sEPSC, [Ca2+]i↑ | n.d. | n.d. | No response in CA1 pyramidal neurons | Ref. 40 |
| hM3Dq | V1 ( | GFAP | Cre | AAV | [Ca2+]i↑ | No change in CBF | n.d. | n.d. | Ref. 41 |
| MrgprA1 | Primary astrocytes | GFAP | tTA/tetO | TG mice | [Ca2+]i↑ | ATP | n.d. | Ref. 138 | |
| Right cerebral ventricle, mPFC, hippocampus ( | GFAP | tTA/tetO | TG mice | ATP | |||||
| Ro1 | Whole animal (GFAP+ cells) | GFAP | tTA/tetO | TG mice | pERK↑ | Hydrocephalus | n.d. | n.d. | Ref. 139 |
| hM3Dq | Hippocampal slices | GFAP | None | TG mice | [Ca2+]i↑ | ||||
| Whole animal (GFAP+ cells) | GFAP | None | TG mice | Change in ANS-mediated responses and motor behaviors | n.d. | n.d. | Ref. 142 | ||
| hM3Dq | Intestine | GFAP | tTA/tetO | TG mice | [Ca2+]i↑ | Gut contraction ↑ | |||
| hM3Dq | Whole animal | GFAP | creERT2 | TG mice | n.d. | Hypothermia | n.d. | n.d. | Ref. 143 |
| Rs1 | Whole animal, primary astrocytes | GFAP | tTA/tetO | TG mice, lentivirus | cAMP↑, pERK↑, pCREB↑ | Memory function ↓ | n.d. | n.d. | Ref. 144 |
| hM3Dq | Arcuate nucleus ( | GFAP | None | AAV | c-fos↑ | Ghrelin-evoked feeding ↓ | Adenosine | ||
| Hypothalamic slices | GFAP | None | AAV | n.d. | Adenosine | n.d. | Ref. 147 | ||
| hM4Di | Arcuate nucleus ( | GFAP | None | AAV | no change in c-fos | Ghrelin-evoked feeding ↑ | n.d. | n.d. | Ref. 147 |
| hM3Dq | Primary astrocytes | GFAP | None | AAV | [Ca2+]i↑ | n.d. | n.d. | Ref. 154 | |
| NAcore ( | GFAP | None | AAV | [Ca2+]i↑ | Ethanol seeking ↓ | ||||
| hM3Dq | NAcore ( | GFAP | None | AAV | n.d. | Cue-induced reinstatement of cocaine seeking ↓ | Glutamate | n.d. | Ref. 155 |
AAV, adeno-associated virus; ANS, autonomic nervous system; AgRP, agouti-related protein; CA1, cornu ammonis area 1; CBF, cerebral blood flow; cAMP, cyclic adenosine monophosphate; pCREB, phosphorylated cAMP response element binding protein; creERT2, tamoxifen-inducible cre; sEPSC, spontaneous excitatory synaptic transmission; pERK, phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase; GFAP, glial acidic fibrillary acidic protein; mPFC, medial prefrontal cortex; MrgprA1, mas-related G protein-coupled receptor A1; NAcore, nucleus accumbens core; tTA, tetracycline-controlled transcriptional activator; tetO, tTA-responsive promoter sequence; TG, transgenic; V1, primary visual cortex; n.d., not determined.