| Taxons | Mean (%) | Fold change | p-value | Literatures | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control | ASD | |||||
| Phylum | Proteobacteria | 49.12 | 35.30 | ↓ 0.72 | 0.01** | ↓ [19]; ↑ [13] |
| Firmicutes | 24.96 | 33.07 | ↑ 1.33 | 0.03* | ↓ [13]; ↑ [15] | |
| Actinobacteria | 10.91 | 11.74 | ↑ 1.08 | 0.56 | ↓ [13] | |
| Bacteroidetes | 5.85 | 8.62 | ↑ 1.47 | 0.11 | ↑ [13]; ↓ [15]; ↓ [19] | |
| Verrucomicrobia | 0.58 | 2.37 | ↑ 4.12 | 0.02* | ↓ [19] | |
| Class | Betaproteobacteria | 10.09 | 6.26 | ↓ 0.62 | 0.10 | ↑ [15] |
| Order | Clostridiales | 11.59 | 15.38 | ↑ 1.33 | 0.18 | ↑ [15] |
| Family | Ruminococcaceae | 5.46 | 6.11 | ↑ 1.12 | 0.68 | ↑ [15] |
| Lachnospiraceae | 3.12 | 2.57 | ↓ 0.82 | 0.54 | ↑ [15] | |
| Corynebacterium | 2.60 | 3.38 | ↑ 1.3 | 0.34 | ↑ [11] | |
| Alcaligenaceae | 2.53 | 0.12 | ↓ 0.05 | 0.00** | ↑ [16] | |
| Pseudomonas | 7.48 | 5.10 | ↓ 0.68 | 0.03* | ↑ [21] | |
| Lactobacillus | 2.56 | 5.45 | ↑ 2.13 | 0.08 | ↑ [18]; ↑ [11] | |
| Bacteroides | 2.48 | 2.93 | ↑ 1.18 | 0.65 | ↑ [13]; ↑ [21] | |
| Staphylococcus | 2.23 | 2.57 | ↑ 1.15 | 0.66 | ↓ [21] | |
| Faecalibacterium | 2.14 | 2.05 | ↓ 0.96 | 0.90 | ↑ [20] | |
| Bifidobacterium | 1.90 | 0.80 | ↓ 0.42 | 0.06 | ↓ [13]; ↓ [18]; ↓ [21]; ↓ [17] | |
| Streptococcus | 1.58 | 4.77 | ↑ 3.03 | 0.02* | ↓ [13]; ↓ [21] | |
| Akkermansia | 0.52 | 2.35 | ↑ 4.52 | 0.02* | ↓ [19]; ↓ [17] | |
| Blautia | 0.47 | 0.28 | ↓ 0.59 | 0.38 | ↓ [20] | |
| Enterococcus | 0.40 | 0.78 | ↑ 1.92 | 0.06 | ↑ [21]; ↓ [18] | |
| Collinsella | 0.37 | 0.11 | ↓ 0.29 | 0.16 | ↓ [13]; ↑ [11] | |
| Veillonella | 0.37 | 0.50 | ↑ 1.34 | 0.43 | ↓ [11] | |
| Lactococcus | 0.35 | 0.11 | ↓ 0.3 | 0.16 | ↓ [13]; ↓ [21] | |
| [Ruminococcus] | 0.34 | 0.15 | ↓ 0.45 | 0.16 | ↓ [13] | |
| Coprococcus | 0.28 | 0.27 | ↓ 0.94 | 0.90 | ↓ [19] | |
| Leuconostoc | 0.27 | 0.01 | ↓ 0.02 | 0.14 | ↓ [13] | |
| Dialister | 0.23 | 1.39 | ↑ 6.16 | 0.18 | ↓ [13]; ↓ [11] | |
| Parabacteroides | 0.21 | 0.18 | ↓ 0.83 | 0.76 | ↓ [11]; ↑ [13] | |
| Weissella | 0.21 | 0.07 | ↓ 0.31 | 0.33 | ↓ [13] | |
| Turicibacter | 0.19 | 0.02 | ↓ 0.12 | 0.07 | ↓ [13] | |
| Dorea | 0.17 | 0.10 | ↓ 0.6 | 0.44 | ↑ [11] | |
| Clostridium | 0.11 | 0.31 | ↑ 2.72 | 0.09 | ↑ [21]; ↓ [13] | |
| [Prevotella] | 0.09 | 0.12 | ↑ 1.34 | 0.74 | ↑ [21]; ↓ [19] | |
| Desulfovibrio | 0.04 | 0.48 | ↑ 10.88 | 0.00** | ↑ [13]; ↓ [19] | |
| Genus | 0.03 | 0.37 | ↑ 11.53 | 0.08 | ↑ [21] | |
The microbiota whose percent composition were significantly different in ASD subjects as characterized in the present study were compared with those identified from fecal samples in previous studies. ↑ and ↓ denote an increase and decrease in the percent composition, respectively. * and ** denote significant differences between the indicated groups at p<0.05 and p<0.01, respectively (Student's