Fig. 1. Behavior analysis in young and aged mice. (A) Locomotor activity. The total distance traveled was not significantly different between the two groups (young mice, 17420±753.1 cm, n=15; aged mice, 17080±674.5 cm, n=17). p=0.7402, student's t-test, two-tailed. (B) Anxiety. The two groups spent similar durations in the center of the open field; there was no significant difference in the anxiety levels (young mice, 365.7±31.15 s, n=15; aged mice, 419.2±35.52 s, n=17). p=0.2714, student's t-test, two-tailed. (C) The discrimination ratio in the young mice (0.7680±0.02941, n=15) was significantly higher than that in the aged mice (0.6353±0.03828, n=17) in the novel object recognition task; the aged mice exhibited a decline in recognition memory compared to the young mice. *p=0.0115, student's t-test, two-tailed. (D) Spatial working memory was analyzed by Y-maze tests in both young and aged mice. Bars represent the percentage of spontaneous alternation performance (%SAP). The percentage of spontaneous alternation performance (%SAP) of the aged mice (54.74±3.174%, n=17) was less than that of the young mice (64.29±2.425%, n=15). *p=0.0259, student's t-test, two-tailed. (E) The freezing level (%) indicates the percentage of time spent freezing in the 24-h post-fear conditioning test. The aged mice (31.03±2.841%, n=17) and the young mice (35.59±3.579%, n=15) did not differ in their freezing levels (%). p=0.3216, student's t-test, two-tailed. Data are presented as the mean±SEM.
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