Fig. 1. Experimental design. (A) An example of graded face images ranging from 0% emotional intensity to 80% angry, happy or sad (100% emotional intensity indicates prototypical angry, happy, or sad expression). (B) Emotion recognition task. Each trial of the emotion recognition task consisted of a face phase and a subsequent orientation phase. In the face phase, the participants were asked to judge the facial expression as either “angry”, “happy”, “sad”, or “neutral” via button press. After a 1-sec interval, in the orientation phase, the participants were instructed to determine the precise orientation of a grating while they were seeing one of four orientation gratings (0°, 45°, 90°, 135°).
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