Age of onset for female and male patients (mean±SD) | 40±10 years in female | 49 years / female |
47±11 years in male |
Disease duration (mean±SD) | 6.8±5.4 years | 12 years |
Mode of inheritance | Autosomal dominant inheritance or sporadic occurrence | Not definite |
Father: dementia and gait disturbance |
Sister: gait disturbance |
Clinical features (prevalence, %) | | |
Cognitive impairment | 0.94 | Present |
K-MMSE; 25/30 initially |
Psychiatric symptoms | 75% | Present |
Anxiety, depression, apathy, indifference, abulia, irritability, disinhibition, distraction, etc. | Depression → aggressive behavior |
Parkinsonism | 61% | Present |
Resting tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia, postural instability | Postural instability, bradykinesia (left dominant) → rigidity↑ |
Pyramidal signs | 57% | Present |
Hyperreflexia, spasticity, increased tone in extremities, pseudobular palsy | Hyperreflexia, spasticity |
Seizures | 32% | Present |
Other clinical features | Dysarthria (34%) | Present |
Dysphagia (17%) | Present |
Ataxia (27%) | Present |
Sensory disturbance (10%) | Allodynia |
Peripheral neuropathy (2%) | History of premature ovarian failure |
| Voiding difficulty |
MRI findings (prevalence, %) | | |
Bilateral white matter lesions | 69% | Present |
Thining of corpus callosum | 49% | Present |
Calcification in the white matter | 14% | Absent |