Fig. 4. Comparison of ECGs between genders. The ECG signal was used to calculate HR (unit: BPM) and was converted the average, variance, and rate of change between maximum and minimum values. (A) represents the average HR, (B) represents the variance in HR, and (C) represents ΔHR in response to the NS and aggression scenes (S1, S2, and S3) in men and women. All values are represented as the mean±SEM. The ECG sample size comprised 70 participants, of whom 30 were men and 40 were women. None of the values showed a statistically significant difference between genders, as determined by the two-tailed independent t-test. The symbols *, **, and *** above the graph bar indicate statistically significant differences between the NS and aggression scenes (S1 or S2 or S3) at p<0.05, 0.01, and 0.001, respectively, as determined by the two-way ANOVA.
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