Fig. 3. (A) The effect of VPA on the number of TH-positive neurons in the substantia nigra (SN) of LRRK2 R1441G mutant mice. LRRK2 R1441G mutant mice showed a significant decrease of the number of TH-positive DA neurons in SN compared to littermate normal control mice. VPA significantly increased the number of TH-positive cell in SN compared to vehicle group. (B, C) The effect of VPA on microglial activation in SN (B) and striatum (STR, C) of LRRK2 R1441G mutant mice. VPA significantly decreased the number of iba-1 positive microglial cells in STR compared to vehicle group. (D) The effect of VPA on the expression of iba-1 protein in LRRK2 R1441G mutant mice. VPA significantly decreased the expression of iba-1 protein in the projection area of nigral DA neurons (*p<0.05). Data are expressed as the mean±SEM of four independent experiments. Scale bars indicate 50 μm.
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