Experimental Neurobiology

Probiotics used to treat mental disorders

Disorders or models	Subjects	Probiotics	Suggested mechanisms	Ref.
Major depressive disorder (MDD)	Human	Lactobacillus helveticus R0052 and Bifidobacterium longum R0175		31
	Mouse (CSDS)	Bifidobacterium		12
	Mouse (CUS)	Lactobacillus reuteri	Regulating tryptophan-kynurenine pathway metabolites	13
	Mouse (ELS)	Lactobacillus plantarum PS128	Reducing serum corticosterone and inflammatory cytokines, increasing anti-inflammatory cytokines, modulating DA and 5-TH in PFC	114
	Rat (CRS)	Lactobacillus helveticus NS8	Reducing plasma stress hormones, regulating cytokines, and increasing hippocampal BDNF	115
Anxiety	Human	Lactobacillus helveticus R0052 and Bifidobacterium longum R0175		31
	Human	Streptococcus thermophilus, Lactobacillus bulgaricus, Lactococcus lactis, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Streptococcus thermophiles, Lactobacillus plantarum, Bifidobacterium lactis, Lactobacillus reuteri		32
	Human	Lactobacillus plantarum DR7	Reducing plasma pro-inflammatory cytokines and increasing plasma anti-inflammatory cytokines, enhancing the serotonin pathway	33
	Human (patients with chronic fatigue syndrome [CFS])	Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota (LcS)		34
	Mouse (ELS)	Lactobacillus plantarum PS128	Reducing serum corticosterone and inflammatory cytokines, increasing anti-inflammatory cytokines, modulating DA and 5-TH in PFC	114
	Rat (CRS)	Lactobacillus helveticus NS8	Reducing plasma stress hormones, regulating cytokines, and increasing hippocampal BDNF	115
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD)	Mouse (shank3 KO)	Lactobacillus reuteri	Regulating GABA receptor and oxytocin expression	46
	Mouse (shank3 KO, BTBR)	Lactobacillus reuteri	Redulating oxytocin expression	47
Alzheimer’s disease (AD)	Human	Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus casei, Bifidobacterium bifidum, Lactobacillus fermentum		72
	Mouse (3xTg)	SLAB51 (Streptococcus thermophilus, Bifidobacterium longum, B. breve, B. infantis, Lactobacillus acidophilus, L. plantarum, L. paracasei, L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus, L. brevis)	Reducing oxidative stress by activating SIRT-1 dependent mechanisms	70
	Rat (b-amyloid injection)	Lactobacillus acidophilus, L. fermentum, Bifidobacterium lactis, B. longum		71
Social stress	Human	Bifidobacterium longum 1714		116

CSDS, chronic social defeat stress; CUS, chronic unpredictable stress; ELS, early life stress; CRS, chronic restraint stress.

Exp Neurobiol 2020;29:403~416 https://doi.org/10.5607/en20047