Studies of NETs in COVID-19
| Author, year | Patients | Biomarkers | Method used in measurement of NETs | Results |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nicolai et al., 2020 [37] | 38 COVID-19 patients and 24 non-COVID-19 controls | H3Cit, MPO | Immunofluorescence | NETs detected in inflammatory microvascular thrombi located in the lung, kidney, and heart |
| Zuo et al., 2020 [38] | 22 COVID-19 patients who developed thrombosis and 22 COVID-19 patients without clinical thrombosis | cfDNA, MPO, H3Cit | Quant-iT Pico Green dsDNA Assay Kit (for dsDNA) and ELISA (for MPO and H3Cit) | All NETs markers associated with higher risk of morbid thrombotic events |
| Middleton et al., 2020 [39] | 33 COVID-19 patients and 17 healthy controls | MPO | ELISA | Plasma MPO-DNA complexes significantly elevated in COVID-19 patients and correlated with illness severity |
| Veras et al., 2020 [40] | 32 COVID-19 patients and 21 healthy controls | MPO, H3Cit | Immunostaining | Neutrophils from COVID-19 patients released statistically higher levels of NETs compared with healthy controls |
AIS, Acute Ischemic Stroke; dsDNA, double-stranded DNA; ELISA, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; NE, Neutrophil Elastase; MPO, myeloperoxidase; NET, Neutrophil Extracellular Traps; H3Cit, citrullinated histone H3; cfDNA, cell-free DNA.