Fig. 5. Proposed working model of tonic GABA regulation in the ARC of Chow and HFD mice. In chronic high-fat diet (HFD) obese mice, astrocytes are turned into a reactive state and astrocytic GABA production is increased by monoamine oxidase-B (MAOB) in the arcuate nucleus (ARC) compared with chow diet (Chow) mice. However, tonic inhibition is not altered in HFD mice, and paradoxically, MAOB and GABAA-α5 (GABRA5) expression were increased in ARC. The reason for unaltered tonic inhibition in HFD mice is that GABA transporters 1 (GAT1) compensate for the increase of GABA synthesis and GABAA receptor.
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