Pharmacological studies on tinnitus treatment
| Drugs | Type of drug | Results | Role on autophagy | Authors |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nortriptyline | Antidepressant | Severity of tinnitus decreased | Induction of autophagy | Sullivan et al. (1989) [86] |
| Amitriptyline | Antidepressant | Intensity of tinnitus reduced and subjective relief from distress was observed | Activation of ULK1, Beclin and LC3 | Bayar et al. (2001) [60] |
| Imipramine | Antidepressant | Reduced the depression level | Increases the expression of LC3 II | Tandon et al. (1987) [87] |
| Naltrexone | Anticonvulsant | Reduced the distress and intensity | Not known | Vanneste et al. (2013) [88] |
| Cyclobenzaprine | Muscle relaxant | Intensity of tinnitus distress reduced | Not known | Vanneste et al. (2012) [89] |
| Memantine | Glutamate antagonist | Partial recovery was observed | Upregulate autophagic flux | Figueiredo et al. (2008) [90] |
| Flupirtine | Glutamate antagonist | No significant difference was observed | Not known | Salembier et al. (2006) [91] |
| Neramexane | At higher dosage, resulted in decrease in annoyance and psychological impact | Not known | Suckfüll et al. (2011) [70] | |
| Vitamin B12 | No significant change | Restoration of autophagic flux | Berkiten et al. (2013) [77] |