Fig. 3. Cytokine expression in CSF of patients with a brain tumor and COVID-19. IL-13, IFN-γ, and IL-2 represented the most overexpressed cytokines. These cytokines were more expressed in Case 1 (grey bars) compared to Case 2 (dark gray bars) and Control Case (black bars). The expression of cytokines such as TGF-β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-12 was overexpressed around 5-fold in Case 1; meanwhile, in Case-2, these cytokines were under-expressed by 0.6-fold, except for TNF-α.
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