Factors that can influence body temperature and tau phosphorylation
| Condition | Protocol | Effect on tau phosphorylation | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| Anesthesia | C57BL/6 mice were anaesthetised with chloral hydrate, pentobarbital sodium or isoflurane | Hyperphosphorylation at AT8 and MC6 | 14 |
| JNPL3 mice were exposed acutely or chronically to isoflurane | Hyperphosphorylation at AT8, CP13, MC6, Ser262 and PHF1 and persisted for a week after the last exposure for AT8 CP13, MC6 and Ser262 one week after the last exposure | 15 | |
| C57BL/6J mice were anaesthetised with ether inhalation, sodium pentobarbital or propofol | Hyperphosphorylation at Thr181, Ser199, Thr205, Thr212, Ser262, and Ser404 | 16,65 | |
| Sprague–Dawley rats were anaesthetized with isoflurane for 2h hTau mice were Intraperitoneally injected with dexmetomidine |
Hyperphosphorylation at Thr205 and Ser396 Hyperphosphorylation at AT8, CP13 and PHF1 |
17 60 |
|
| Glucose metabolism | C57BL/6NJcl mice were either starved for 3 days, injected with insulin or with deoxyglucose | Hyperphosphorylation at Ser199, AT8, Thr231, Ser262, Ser396, Ser404 and Ser422 | 4 |
| hTau mice were injected with either one high dose (HD) of STZ or 5 low doses (LD) leading to a marked or milder Type1 diabetes mellitus respectively. | Hyperphosphorylation at AT8 and PHF1 for both HD and LD conditions, and Thr205 only for LD group | 6 | |
| C57BL/6 mice were injected with STZ | Hyperphosphorylation at pSer199, AT8, AT180, Ser262, Ser356, PHF1, and Ser422 40 days after injection | 5 | |
| db/db diabetic mice | Hyperphosphorylation at AT8, CP13 and PHF1 | 66 | |
| C57BL/6 mice were starved for two days | Hyperphosphorylation at Ser199, AT8, Thr231, Ser262, Ser396, Ser413 and Ser422 | 3,67 | |
| C57BL/6J male mice were injected with insulin. | Tau phosphorylation was reduced 15 min after the injection and followed by hyperphosphorylation at Ser199, Thr205, Thr212, Ser214, Thr217, Ser262, Ser396 and Ser404 | 7 | |
| Cold water stress | Chinese Kunming mice were forced to swim in ice-cold water for 5 min | Hyperphosphorylation at Ser396 | 68 |
| C57BL/6N mice were immersed in ice-cold water for 5 min | Hyperphosphorylation at Ser199, AT8, AT180 | 69 | |
| Physiological temperature changes | Arctic ground or European squirrels were induced into hibernation (moved to a cold chamber and reduction of light duration) | Hyperphosphorylation at AT270, AT8, Thr205, Ser214, AT100, AT180 Ser262, and Ser404 | 8,9 |
| Sprague–Dawley rats were induced into synthetic torpor (injection of GABAA agonist muscimol once an hour for six consecutive times) | Hyperphosphorylation at AT8 | 10 | |
| During natural sleep phase in C57BL/6N mice | Hyperphosphorylation at AT8, CP13, PHF1, T205, AT180, AT270 | 11 | |
| Heat/cold exposure | C57BL/6J and hTau mice were placed into a ventilated incubator at 42°C for 45 minutes SH-SY5Y 3R-tau cells were exposed at 40°C for 24 hours |
Dephosphorylation at AT8 and CP13, hyperphosphorylation at Tau1 Dephosphorylation at AT8, CP13 and PHF1 |
13 |
| 6- and 18-months C57BL/6N mice were exposed at 4°C for 24 hours | Hyperphoshorylation of tau at CP13, AT180 and AT270 and more importantly in older mice | 70 | |
| Drugs | Intraperitoneal injection of midalozam (GABA agonist) | Hyperphosphorylation at AT8, CP13, PHF1 and AT180 | 60 |
| Intraperitoneal injection of DMSO in mice (4 ml/kg) | Hyperphosphorylation at AT8, PHF, and AT180 | 63 | |
| Topic administration of 10% menthol in hTau mice | Dephosphorylation at AT8 and PHF1, hyperphosphorylation at Tau1 | 13 |